15 Methodology for Modeling the Energy …
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15.4.3 Configuration—Network Settings
The network configuration is, in the narrower sense, the precise design of the multileveled inventory model. At this point, all technical parameters and settings for the
selected scenario are specified. This includes, for example, the configuration of the
antenna units. The number and type of antennas, the technical specification of the
antenna front-end (RF-chain) and the realization of the beamforming (digital or
hybrid) are decisions in this context. The model requires technical performance data
that correlates with the energy and material requirements of the network elements.
With respect to energy consumption this includes (a) transmission power, (b)
computation power, (c) cooling power, as well as (d) power supply losses (AC/DC
and DC/DC). With respect to materials this includes (a) standard silicon-oxide chip
area, (b) III–V semiconductor chip area, (c) printed circuit board area, (d) material
weight of passive cooling, (e) connectors, and (f) material weight of housing.
One of the big challenges is obtaining representative engineering data for all the
parameters. Since 5G does not yet have any commercial products on the market, it is
necessary to derive the data from standardization documents, technology roadmaps
and estimates.
The last methodological step in this context concerns the scaling of the process
flow model to the reference area defined in the scenario. This means that the simple
channel model is multiplied with the relative number of network elements according
to reference area.
15.4.4 Control—Network Operation
The last step in the creation of the network model is the parameterization of the use
case. This includes typical traffic load profiles (daily or annual use patterns), options
for dynamic load balancing and power management. In conjunction with energy and
resource efficiency of 5G, there is in some countries a policy driven discussion about
national roaming. This approach would reduce the actual number of parallel network
infrastructure.
With regard to a life-cycle type inventory, the energy and material consumption
related to the installation (roll-out), repair and maintenance operations should also
be accounted for in the model.
15.5 Specific Energy and Material Aspects of 5G
Technologies and Architecture
The upcoming 5G networks are based on a set of new technologies including multiconnectivity and C-RAN, massive MIMO and beamforming, as well as small cells
233
15.4.3 Configuration—Network Settings
The network configuration is, in the narrower sense, the precise design of the multileveled inventory model. At this point, all technical parameters and settings for the
selected scenario are specified. This includes, for example, the configuration of the
antenna units. The number and type of antennas, the technical specification of the
antenna front-end (RF-chain) and the realization of the beamforming (digital or
hybrid) are decisions in this context. The model requires technical performance data
that correlates with the energy and material requirements of the network elements.
With respect to energy consumption this includes (a) transmission power, (b)
computation power, (c) cooling power, as well as (d) power supply losses (AC/DC
and DC/DC). With respect to materials this includes (a) standard silicon-oxide chip
area, (b) III–V semiconductor chip area, (c) printed circuit board area, (d) material
weight of passive cooling, (e) connectors, and (f) material weight of housing.
One of the big challenges is obtaining representative engineering data for all the
parameters. Since 5G does not yet have any commercial products on the market, it is
necessary to derive the data from standardization documents, technology roadmaps
and estimates.
The last methodological step in this context concerns the scaling of the process
flow model to the reference area defined in the scenario. This means that the simple
channel model is multiplied with the relative number of network elements according
to reference area.
15.4.4 Control—Network Operation
The last step in the creation of the network model is the parameterization of the use
case. This includes typical traffic load profiles (daily or annual use patterns), options
for dynamic load balancing and power management. In conjunction with energy and
resource efficiency of 5G, there is in some countries a policy driven discussion about
national roaming. This approach would reduce the actual number of parallel network
infrastructure.
With regard to a life-cycle type inventory, the energy and material consumption
related to the installation (roll-out), repair and maintenance operations should also
be accounted for in the model.
15.5 Specific Energy and Material Aspects of 5G
Technologies and Architecture
The upcoming 5G networks are based on a set of new technologies including multiconnectivity and C-RAN, massive MIMO and beamforming, as well as small cells