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A. F. Mohamed and M. I. Rasnan
of the existing E-waste recovery is a strong scrap collector’s influence and established E-waste recycling industry within and outside Kuala Lumpur. Findings from
this study shows that there is a need to enhance participation and the practice of Ewaste recovery especially among the community and consumers. Mechanisms and
system which improve the existing systems and mechanisms for E-waste recovery
in supporting SCP will requires industry commitment and participation with strong
support from the consumers and government agencies.
Keywords E-waste · Community · Industry · Participation · System · Recovery
9.1 Introduction
Malaysia is one of the country which has embarked on industrialization as it economic
growth engine since 1960s. Transition from agricultural and raw material industries to
manufacturing industry start in the early 1960s (Mohamed 2014). The manufacturing
industry show a steady growth and has contributed Gross Output Value from RM 1.2
Billion (USD 280 Million) in 1959 to RM 1.14 Trillion (USD 270 Billion) in 2015.
And in 2018 the Gross Output value increased to 1.27 Trillion (USD 300 Billion) in
2018 (Department of Statistics (DOS) 2017). In addition this industry has created a
total of 60,570 jobs in 1959 and increased to 2.1 million jobs in 2015 (Department
of Statistics (DOS) 2017). As of 2017, 2.2 million jobs were created from the manufacturing industry. The increasing of the contribution from manufacturing industry
in Malaysia come from projects that are high value and high growth industries. One
of the high values and high growth industries in Malaysia is the electrical and electronic industry. The electrical & electronics (E&E) industry is the leading sector in
Malaysia’s manufacturing sector, contributing significantly to the country’s manufacturing output (26.94%), exports (48.7%) and employment (32.5%). In 2010, the
gross output of the industry totaled US$50.94 billion, exports amounted to US$75.7
billion and created employment opportunities for 325,696 people. The electrical and
electronic industry maintain its leads where in 2017, the industry was the country’s
largest export earner, totaling RM343 billion and accounting for 36.7 per cent of the
total value of exports (MIDA 2019). Taking examples of key consumer electronic
products, the trend shows an increasing trends where television production increased
from 107,445 unit in 1975 to 13,163,257 in 2010. The room air-conditioners also
show increasing trends from 111,631 in 1977 to 2,593,647 in 2010. Advancement
of information and communication technology (ICT) have driven the technological
innovation and the increasing demand for electronic products that support this technology. Mobile phones is one the main products which play important role for the
advancement of ICT in the world and Malaysia. These scenario has driven the sales
and use of mobile phones in Malaysia. In 2014, there were 43,248,000 mobile phone
subscriptions with a penetration rate of 144.2 per 100 inhabitants, a high penetration for the subscriber base to be treated as a virtual frame of individuals. Then in
2017, there were 42.3 million mobile-cellular subscriptions with a penetration rate
A. F. Mohamed and M. I. Rasnan
of the existing E-waste recovery is a strong scrap collector’s influence and established E-waste recycling industry within and outside Kuala Lumpur. Findings from
this study shows that there is a need to enhance participation and the practice of Ewaste recovery especially among the community and consumers. Mechanisms and
system which improve the existing systems and mechanisms for E-waste recovery
in supporting SCP will requires industry commitment and participation with strong
support from the consumers and government agencies.
Keywords E-waste · Community · Industry · Participation · System · Recovery
9.1 Introduction
Malaysia is one of the country which has embarked on industrialization as it economic
growth engine since 1960s. Transition from agricultural and raw material industries to
manufacturing industry start in the early 1960s (Mohamed 2014). The manufacturing
industry show a steady growth and has contributed Gross Output Value from RM 1.2
Billion (USD 280 Million) in 1959 to RM 1.14 Trillion (USD 270 Billion) in 2015.
And in 2018 the Gross Output value increased to 1.27 Trillion (USD 300 Billion) in
2018 (Department of Statistics (DOS) 2017). In addition this industry has created a
total of 60,570 jobs in 1959 and increased to 2.1 million jobs in 2015 (Department
of Statistics (DOS) 2017). As of 2017, 2.2 million jobs were created from the manufacturing industry. The increasing of the contribution from manufacturing industry
in Malaysia come from projects that are high value and high growth industries. One
of the high values and high growth industries in Malaysia is the electrical and electronic industry. The electrical & electronics (E&E) industry is the leading sector in
Malaysia’s manufacturing sector, contributing significantly to the country’s manufacturing output (26.94%), exports (48.7%) and employment (32.5%). In 2010, the
gross output of the industry totaled US$50.94 billion, exports amounted to US$75.7
billion and created employment opportunities for 325,696 people. The electrical and
electronic industry maintain its leads where in 2017, the industry was the country’s
largest export earner, totaling RM343 billion and accounting for 36.7 per cent of the
total value of exports (MIDA 2019). Taking examples of key consumer electronic
products, the trend shows an increasing trends where television production increased
from 107,445 unit in 1975 to 13,163,257 in 2010. The room air-conditioners also
show increasing trends from 111,631 in 1977 to 2,593,647 in 2010. Advancement
of information and communication technology (ICT) have driven the technological
innovation and the increasing demand for electronic products that support this technology. Mobile phones is one the main products which play important role for the
advancement of ICT in the world and Malaysia. These scenario has driven the sales
and use of mobile phones in Malaysia. In 2014, there were 43,248,000 mobile phone
subscriptions with a penetration rate of 144.2 per 100 inhabitants, a high penetration for the subscriber base to be treated as a virtual frame of individuals. Then in
2017, there were 42.3 million mobile-cellular subscriptions with a penetration rate