Tanabe and Sugano Diagrams
Franca Morazzoni
10
1
2
3
30
40
E / B
1 S
1 G
3 P
1 D
3 F
1 T 2
1 E
1
A 1
3
T 2 (d € d γ )
3
A 2 (d γ
2
)
3
T 1
1
T 2
1 T 1
1 A 1
1
E
3 T 1 (d €
2 )
D g / B
Energy diagram for the configureation d 2
50
60
70
1
2
3
D g / B
4
F
10
4
P
2
F
2 G
2
P
2 D
30
40
50
60
2
D
2 A 2
2
A 1
4 T 1
2 T 2
2 T 1
2
E
2 H
E / B
4
T 2 (d 2
€
d γ )
4 A 2 (d 3
€
)
4
T 1 (d € d 2
γ
)
Energy diagram for the configureation d 3
The diagrams, whose two examples are reported before, plot the energy of the
electronic states against the energy of the crystal field perturbation. Both values are
reported in the units of Racah parameters, in order to make them independent of the
ion electronic configuration. The vertical axis details the spectroscopic states of the
free ion, the horizontal variation of Dq (crystal field energy). On the right hand are
reported the spectroscopic states under O h symmetry field. In parenthesis are the
changes of electronic configuration for infinite Dq value. The electronic transitions
having the major probability can be read (spin-spin unvaried). Be careful that the
166
Appendix