94
4 Structural Defects
Fig. 4.37 Antiphase domains in InP on Si. HCl etchs InP anisotropically and prepares (111)A planes. The etch patterns
of layers with (without) APDs are cross-hatched (linear). Adapted from [362]
(a)
(0001)
( 2 1 1 5 )
(b)
Fe
Fig. 4.38 Transmission electron microscopy of inversion domains in ZnO:Fe. a Inversion domains in iron-doped ZnO
(ZnO:Fe 2 O 3 = 100:1). Arrows denote the orientation of the c-axis in the respective domains. b Top: bright field TEM,
bottom Fe distribution from energy-filtered image. Adapted from [363]
4.5 Disorder
Disorder is a general term for deviations from the ideal structure on a microscopic scale. Apart from
the various structural defects discussed in the previous chapters, further examples of disorder are
• The presence of various isotopes of an element. This introduces disorder with regard to the mass of
the atoms and impacts mostly phonon properties (see Fig. 8.28).
• The occupation of lattice sites in alloys (Sect. 3.7) ranging from a random alloy, clustering to (partially) ordered phases.
• The (unavoidable) thermal and zero-point motion of atoms around their equilibrium position.
4 Structural Defects
Fig. 4.37 Antiphase domains in InP on Si. HCl etchs InP anisotropically and prepares (111)A planes. The etch patterns
of layers with (without) APDs are cross-hatched (linear). Adapted from [362]
(a)
(0001)
( 2 1 1 5 )
(b)
Fe
Fig. 4.38 Transmission electron microscopy of inversion domains in ZnO:Fe. a Inversion domains in iron-doped ZnO
(ZnO:Fe 2 O 3 = 100:1). Arrows denote the orientation of the c-axis in the respective domains. b Top: bright field TEM,
bottom Fe distribution from energy-filtered image. Adapted from [363]
4.5 Disorder
Disorder is a general term for deviations from the ideal structure on a microscopic scale. Apart from
the various structural defects discussed in the previous chapters, further examples of disorder are
• The presence of various isotopes of an element. This introduces disorder with regard to the mass of
the atoms and impacts mostly phonon properties (see Fig. 8.28).
• The occupation of lattice sites in alloys (Sect. 3.7) ranging from a random alloy, clustering to (partially) ordered phases.
• The (unavoidable) thermal and zero-point motion of atoms around their equilibrium position.