120
7 Applications to Biofuel Cells and Bioreactors
Table 7.1
(continued)
DET
Anode
Cathode
Conditions
OCV
/V P
max /mW
cm −2
(at
E
cell /V)
Stability
Refs.
Reaction*
Enzyme/electrode
Reaction*
Enzyme/electrode
fructose
− 2e −
→
5-keto-fructose
FDH/KB/CP
O
2 /2
+ 2e −
→ H
2 O
Ts-Lac/CG/CP
(1 bar O
2 ) 0.2 M D-fructose,
1.0 M citrate
buffer, pH 5.0,
25 °C, stirring
0.79
0.85 (0.41) 63% after
12 h;
continuous
operation for
60 d
[26]
H
2
− 2e −
→ 2H +
Aa-MBH/AN-MWCNT/CC
(1 bar H
2 )
O
2 /2
+ 2e −
→ H
2 O
Bp-BOD/AN-modified
MWCNT/CC (GD, 1 bar
air)
phosphate buffer,
pH 7.2, 45 °C,
H
2 -bubbling
0.95
0.72 (0.6)
−
[27]
H
2
− 2e −
→ 2H +
Ec-H
2 ase 1/CMC/PGE (78%
H
2 —22% air mixture)
O
2 /2
+ 2e −
→ H
2 O
Mv-BOD/CMC/PGE
(GD, 78% H
2 —22% air
mixture)
0.1 M phosphate
buffer, pH 6.0,
25 °C, quiescent
1.15
0.56 (0.65) 90% after
24 h and 54%
after 7 d
[28]
H
2
− 2e −
→ 2H +
Ec-H
2 ase 1/PGE (1 bar H
2 )
O
2 /2
+ 2e −
→ H
2 O
Mv-BOD/PGE
(1 bar O
2 ) 0.1 M pH 5.0
phosphate buffer,
25 °C, rotating
electrode
0.99
0.063
(0.51)
−
[29]
*Proton and water out of the relation of their own redox reaction are omitted
Electrochemical: OCV
(open circuit voltage), P
max (maximum power), GD (gas diffusion-type), CFS (carbon fiber sheet), CF (carbon felt), VGCF (vapor-grown carbon fiver),
HRC (hierarchical porous carbon)
Enzymes: Me-FoDH
(W-containing formate dehydrogenase from Methylobacterium extorquens
AM1), Cb-FoDH
(NAD +
-dependent formate dehydrogenase from Candida
boidini), Tv-Lac
(laccase from Trametes versicolor), Mv-BOD
(bilirubin oxidase from Myrothecium verrucaria), Bp-BOD
(bilirubin oxidase from Bacillus pumilus, DvMFH
2 ase ([NiFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris
Miyazaki F), Aa-MBH
(membrane bound hydrogenase from Aquifex aeolicus),
FDH (fructose dehydrogenase from
Gluconobacter japonicas
NBRC3260), Ts-Lac
(laccase from Trametes
sp.), B-GDH
(NAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus
sp.), Bs-DI
(diaphorse from
Bacillus stearothermophilus),
Gn5DH (glucono 5-dehydrogenase), Gn5DH (gluconate 5-dehydrogenase), Ec-H
2 ase 1 (O
2 -tolerant membrane bound [NiFe] hydrogenase 1 from
Escherichia coli), An-GOx
(glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger)
Electrode:
KB (Ketjen black), WPCC (waterproof carbon cloth), CCG (carbon cryogel), CP (carbon paper), CG (carbon aerogel), AuNP (gold nanoparticles), MWCNT
(multi-walled carbon nanotubes), CNF (fishborn carbon nanofibers), PGE (pyrolytic graphite electrode), CC (carbon cloth), CMC (compacted mesoporous carbon)
Mediator:
VP (viologen-functionalized polymer), ABTS (2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate), BPV-LPEI (N-benzyl-N-propyl-4,4
-bipyridinium)
Chemical:
PDA (p-phenylenediamine), ABA (2-aminobenzoic acid), BL (bilirubin), NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), VK
3 (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, vitamin
K
3 ), AQS (anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid), ANQ (2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone), AT (anthracene), AN (amino naphotoic acid), ME (mercaptoethanol), NQ (p-naphthoquinone),
TTF (tetrathiafulvalene)
7 Applications to Biofuel Cells and Bioreactors
Table 7.1
(continued)
DET
Anode
Cathode
Conditions
OCV
/V P
max /mW
cm −2
(at
E
cell /V)
Stability
Refs.
Reaction*
Enzyme/electrode
Reaction*
Enzyme/electrode
fructose
− 2e −
→
5-keto-fructose
FDH/KB/CP
O
2 /2
+ 2e −
→ H
2 O
Ts-Lac/CG/CP
(1 bar O
2 ) 0.2 M D-fructose,
1.0 M citrate
buffer, pH 5.0,
25 °C, stirring
0.79
0.85 (0.41) 63% after
12 h;
continuous
operation for
60 d
[26]
H
2
− 2e −
→ 2H +
Aa-MBH/AN-MWCNT/CC
(1 bar H
2 )
O
2 /2
+ 2e −
→ H
2 O
Bp-BOD/AN-modified
MWCNT/CC (GD, 1 bar
air)
phosphate buffer,
pH 7.2, 45 °C,
H
2 -bubbling
0.95
0.72 (0.6)
−
[27]
H
2
− 2e −
→ 2H +
Ec-H
2 ase 1/CMC/PGE (78%
H
2 —22% air mixture)
O
2 /2
+ 2e −
→ H
2 O
Mv-BOD/CMC/PGE
(GD, 78% H
2 —22% air
mixture)
0.1 M phosphate
buffer, pH 6.0,
25 °C, quiescent
1.15
0.56 (0.65) 90% after
24 h and 54%
after 7 d
[28]
H
2
− 2e −
→ 2H +
Ec-H
2 ase 1/PGE (1 bar H
2 )
O
2 /2
+ 2e −
→ H
2 O
Mv-BOD/PGE
(1 bar O
2 ) 0.1 M pH 5.0
phosphate buffer,
25 °C, rotating
electrode
0.99
0.063
(0.51)
−
[29]
*Proton and water out of the relation of their own redox reaction are omitted
Electrochemical: OCV
(open circuit voltage), P
max (maximum power), GD (gas diffusion-type), CFS (carbon fiber sheet), CF (carbon felt), VGCF (vapor-grown carbon fiver),
HRC (hierarchical porous carbon)
Enzymes: Me-FoDH
(W-containing formate dehydrogenase from Methylobacterium extorquens
AM1), Cb-FoDH
(NAD +
-dependent formate dehydrogenase from Candida
boidini), Tv-Lac
(laccase from Trametes versicolor), Mv-BOD
(bilirubin oxidase from Myrothecium verrucaria), Bp-BOD
(bilirubin oxidase from Bacillus pumilus, DvMFH
2 ase ([NiFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris
Miyazaki F), Aa-MBH
(membrane bound hydrogenase from Aquifex aeolicus),
FDH (fructose dehydrogenase from
Gluconobacter japonicas
NBRC3260), Ts-Lac
(laccase from Trametes
sp.), B-GDH
(NAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus
sp.), Bs-DI
(diaphorse from
Bacillus stearothermophilus),
Gn5DH (glucono 5-dehydrogenase), Gn5DH (gluconate 5-dehydrogenase), Ec-H
2 ase 1 (O
2 -tolerant membrane bound [NiFe] hydrogenase 1 from
Escherichia coli), An-GOx
(glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger)
Electrode:
KB (Ketjen black), WPCC (waterproof carbon cloth), CCG (carbon cryogel), CP (carbon paper), CG (carbon aerogel), AuNP (gold nanoparticles), MWCNT
(multi-walled carbon nanotubes), CNF (fishborn carbon nanofibers), PGE (pyrolytic graphite electrode), CC (carbon cloth), CMC (compacted mesoporous carbon)
Mediator:
VP (viologen-functionalized polymer), ABTS (2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate), BPV-LPEI (N-benzyl-N-propyl-4,4
-bipyridinium)
Chemical:
PDA (p-phenylenediamine), ABA (2-aminobenzoic acid), BL (bilirubin), NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), VK
3 (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, vitamin
K
3 ), AQS (anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid), ANQ (2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone), AT (anthracene), AN (amino naphotoic acid), ME (mercaptoethanol), NQ (p-naphthoquinone),
TTF (tetrathiafulvalene)