Chapter 6
Applications to Biosensors
Abstract Amperometric biosensors is one of applications of bioelectrocatalysis,
and glucose biosensor is the most well-known and successful example of all
biosensor devices. This chapter describes several proposals for bioelectrocatalysisbased biosensors: MET-type mass transfer-controlled biosensors, MET-type potentiometric coulometry, and bienzyme biosensing by coupling DET-type peroxidase
bioelectrocatalysis and oxidase reaction without any mediators.
Keywords Amperometry · Mass transfer-control · Surface-confined redox
reaction · Potentiometry · Bienzyme coupling
6.1 Introduction
Electrochemical sensors are constructed with the selective and transducing parts [1].
In electrochemical biosensors, the substrate specificity of redox enzymes ensures the
selectivity of the substrate of the sensors [2–4]. The electrode reaction corresponds to
the transducing part in which the substrates flow is converted to the electron flow. The
early biosensors were constructed from oxidases and oxygen electrode and detected
the oxygen consumption due to the oxidase reactions [5]. In conjunction with the
development of bioelectrocatalytic systems and detection devices, the freedom has
increased in the design of electrochemical biosensors.
In the early type of electrochemical biosensors, the current detection, that is,
amperometric detection, was used. The current detection is suitable to rapid measurements and in situ monitoring of the concentration change. The detection of charge,
that is, coulometric detection, was also applied to biosensing. Since the electricity
corresponds to the amount of the target substrate, coulometry seems to be suitable
to accurate or trace analyses in principle. In addition, potentiometry with field-effect
transistors was also applied to biosensing [6, 7]. The improvement in the selectivity and sensitivity and the miniaturization of electrochemical biosensors are hot
topics even now. This chapter introduces the recent development in electrochemical
biosensors based on amperometry and coulometry.
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
K. Kano et al., Enzymatic Bioelectrocatalysis,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8960-7_6
105
Applications to Biosensors
Abstract Amperometric biosensors is one of applications of bioelectrocatalysis,
and glucose biosensor is the most well-known and successful example of all
biosensor devices. This chapter describes several proposals for bioelectrocatalysisbased biosensors: MET-type mass transfer-controlled biosensors, MET-type potentiometric coulometry, and bienzyme biosensing by coupling DET-type peroxidase
bioelectrocatalysis and oxidase reaction without any mediators.
Keywords Amperometry · Mass transfer-control · Surface-confined redox
reaction · Potentiometry · Bienzyme coupling
6.1 Introduction
Electrochemical sensors are constructed with the selective and transducing parts [1].
In electrochemical biosensors, the substrate specificity of redox enzymes ensures the
selectivity of the substrate of the sensors [2–4]. The electrode reaction corresponds to
the transducing part in which the substrates flow is converted to the electron flow. The
early biosensors were constructed from oxidases and oxygen electrode and detected
the oxygen consumption due to the oxidase reactions [5]. In conjunction with the
development of bioelectrocatalytic systems and detection devices, the freedom has
increased in the design of electrochemical biosensors.
In the early type of electrochemical biosensors, the current detection, that is,
amperometric detection, was used. The current detection is suitable to rapid measurements and in situ monitoring of the concentration change. The detection of charge,
that is, coulometric detection, was also applied to biosensing. Since the electricity
corresponds to the amount of the target substrate, coulometry seems to be suitable
to accurate or trace analyses in principle. In addition, potentiometry with field-effect
transistors was also applied to biosensing [6, 7]. The improvement in the selectivity and sensitivity and the miniaturization of electrochemical biosensors are hot
topics even now. This chapter introduces the recent development in electrochemical
biosensors based on amperometry and coulometry.
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
K. Kano et al., Enzymatic Bioelectrocatalysis,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8960-7_6
105