7.11 Conclusion
183
days to come. Expanding research field is fueled by further progress in the lasercontrolled magnetism may be associated with the duration down to the time scale of
attosecond.
7.12 Exercises
Q.1 Mention some special features of femtosecond laser. Why femtosecond laser
pulse is so important in spintronics?
Q.2 Invention of femtosecond laser pulse has bought the revolution in magnetism
and in spintronics: Comment on it.
Q.3 What are the advantages of optical manipulation of magnetic order? Explain
the thermal and non-thermal effects of a laser pulse on a magnetic system.
How photomagnetic effect is different from optomagnetic effect?
Q.4 Explain Faraday and Inverse Faraday effect in magnetism. Briefly discuss the
different detection techniques used to study the spin dynamics.
Q.5 With the help of three-temperature model, explain demagnetization of
metallic ferromagnets. Mention the process involved in demagnetization of
ferromagnetic semiconductor: GaMnAs.
Q.6 Why antiferromagnetic spintronics is getting momentum over ferromagnetic
spintronics?
Q.7 Discuss different types of spintronic switching with the help of schematic
diagram. What is laser-based all-optical switching?
References
E. Beaurepaire, J. C. Merle, A. Daunois, J. Y. Bigot, Ultrafast spin dynamics in ferromagnetic
nickel. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 250 (1996)
D. Bossini, S. Conte Dal, Y. Hashimoto, et al., Macrospin dynamics in antiferromagnets triggered
by sub-20 femtosecond injection of nanomagnons. Nat. Commun. 7, 10645 (2016)
Z. Chen, J.W. Luo, L.W. Wang, Revealing angular momentum transfer channels and timescales in
the ultrafast demagnetization process of ferromagnetic semiconductors. PNAS 116, 19258–19263
(2019)
V.V. Eremenko, N.F. Kharchenko, Y.G. Litvinenko et al., Magneto-Optics and Spectroscopy of
Antiferromagnets (Spriger, New York, 1992).
W. Feng, G.Y. Guo, J. Zhou et al., Large magneto-optical Kerr effect in noncollinear antiferromagnets Mn3X (X = Rh, Ir, Pt). Phys. Rev. B 92, 144426 (2015)
A.V. Kimel, B. Ivanov, A, Pisarev, et al., Inertia-driven spin switching in antiferromagnets. Nat.
Phys. 5, 727–731 (2009)
A.V. Kimel, A. Kirilyuk, A. Tsvetkov, V.R. Pisarev, Th. Rasing, Laser-induced ultrafast spin
reorientation in the antiferromagnet TmFeO 3 . Nature 429, 850–853 (2004)
A.V. Kimel, A. Kirilyuk, P.A. Usachev et al., Ultrafast non-thermal control of magnetization by
instantaneous photomagnetic pulses. Nature 435, 655–657 (2005)
183
days to come. Expanding research field is fueled by further progress in the lasercontrolled magnetism may be associated with the duration down to the time scale of
attosecond.
7.12 Exercises
Q.1 Mention some special features of femtosecond laser. Why femtosecond laser
pulse is so important in spintronics?
Q.2 Invention of femtosecond laser pulse has bought the revolution in magnetism
and in spintronics: Comment on it.
Q.3 What are the advantages of optical manipulation of magnetic order? Explain
the thermal and non-thermal effects of a laser pulse on a magnetic system.
How photomagnetic effect is different from optomagnetic effect?
Q.4 Explain Faraday and Inverse Faraday effect in magnetism. Briefly discuss the
different detection techniques used to study the spin dynamics.
Q.5 With the help of three-temperature model, explain demagnetization of
metallic ferromagnets. Mention the process involved in demagnetization of
ferromagnetic semiconductor: GaMnAs.
Q.6 Why antiferromagnetic spintronics is getting momentum over ferromagnetic
spintronics?
Q.7 Discuss different types of spintronic switching with the help of schematic
diagram. What is laser-based all-optical switching?
References
E. Beaurepaire, J. C. Merle, A. Daunois, J. Y. Bigot, Ultrafast spin dynamics in ferromagnetic
nickel. Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 250 (1996)
D. Bossini, S. Conte Dal, Y. Hashimoto, et al., Macrospin dynamics in antiferromagnets triggered
by sub-20 femtosecond injection of nanomagnons. Nat. Commun. 7, 10645 (2016)
Z. Chen, J.W. Luo, L.W. Wang, Revealing angular momentum transfer channels and timescales in
the ultrafast demagnetization process of ferromagnetic semiconductors. PNAS 116, 19258–19263
(2019)
V.V. Eremenko, N.F. Kharchenko, Y.G. Litvinenko et al., Magneto-Optics and Spectroscopy of
Antiferromagnets (Spriger, New York, 1992).
W. Feng, G.Y. Guo, J. Zhou et al., Large magneto-optical Kerr effect in noncollinear antiferromagnets Mn3X (X = Rh, Ir, Pt). Phys. Rev. B 92, 144426 (2015)
A.V. Kimel, B. Ivanov, A, Pisarev, et al., Inertia-driven spin switching in antiferromagnets. Nat.
Phys. 5, 727–731 (2009)
A.V. Kimel, A. Kirilyuk, A. Tsvetkov, V.R. Pisarev, Th. Rasing, Laser-induced ultrafast spin
reorientation in the antiferromagnet TmFeO 3 . Nature 429, 850–853 (2004)
A.V. Kimel, A. Kirilyuk, P.A. Usachev et al., Ultrafast non-thermal control of magnetization by
instantaneous photomagnetic pulses. Nature 435, 655–657 (2005)