References
21
• hyperbolic and minimal area constructions [12, 36, 37, 64–66, 72];
• open string analytic solutions [27, 28];
• level-truncation solutions [47–49];
• field theory properties [10, 15, 57, 73, 87, 89, 90];
• spacetime effective actions [19, 59, 60, 98];
• defining worldsheet scattering amplitudes [74–76, 81, 82, 85, 93–95];
• marginal and RR deformations [11, 95, 98].
Recent reviews are [14, 24, 25].
1.4
Suggested Readings
For references about different aspects in this chapter:
• Differences between the worldvolume and spacetime formalisms—and of the
associated first- and second-quantization—for the particle and string [43, chap. 1,
100, chap. 11].
• General properties of relativistic strings [34, 100].
• Divergences in string theory [14, 83, 99, sec. 7.2].
• Motivations for building a string field theory [77, sec. 4].
References
1. I. Bars, First massive level and anomalies in the supermembrane. Nucl. Phys. B 308(2),
462–476 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(88)90573-1
2. I. Bars, Is there a unique consistent unified theory based on extended objects? (1988), pp.
693–698. https://inspirehep.net/literature/264587
3. I. Bars, Issues of topology and the spectrum of membranes, pp. 209–212, Jan 1990. https://
inspirehep.net/literature/285041
4. I. Bars, Membrane symmetries and anomalies. Nucl. Phys. B 343(2), 398–417 (1990). https://
doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(90)90476-T
5. I. Bars, C.N. Pope, Anomalies in super P-branes. Class. Quantum Gravity 5(9), 1157 (1988).
https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/5/9/002
6. I. Bars, C.N. Pope, E. Sezgin, Massless spectrum and critical dimension of the supermembrane. Phys. Lett. B 198(4), 455–460 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(87)908999
7. I. Bars, C.N. Pope, E. Sezgin, Central extensions of area preserving membrane algebras.
Phys. Lett. B 210(1), 85–91 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(88)90354-1
8. N. Berkovits, Super-Poincare invariant superstring field theory. Nucl. Phys. B 450(1–2),
90–102 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(95)00259-U. arXiv: hep-th/9503099
9. N. Berkovits, Y. Okawa, B. Zwiebach, WZW-like action for heterotic string field theory. J.
High Energy Phys. 2004(11), 038–038 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2004/11/
038. arXiv: hep-th/0409018
10. S. Chakrabarti, S.P. Kashyap, B. Sahoo, A. Sen, M. Verma, Subleading soft theorem for
multiple soft gravitons. J. High Energy Phys. 2017(12) (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/
JHEP12(2017)150. arXiv: 1707.06803
21
• hyperbolic and minimal area constructions [12, 36, 37, 64–66, 72];
• open string analytic solutions [27, 28];
• level-truncation solutions [47–49];
• field theory properties [10, 15, 57, 73, 87, 89, 90];
• spacetime effective actions [19, 59, 60, 98];
• defining worldsheet scattering amplitudes [74–76, 81, 82, 85, 93–95];
• marginal and RR deformations [11, 95, 98].
Recent reviews are [14, 24, 25].
1.4
Suggested Readings
For references about different aspects in this chapter:
• Differences between the worldvolume and spacetime formalisms—and of the
associated first- and second-quantization—for the particle and string [43, chap. 1,
100, chap. 11].
• General properties of relativistic strings [34, 100].
• Divergences in string theory [14, 83, 99, sec. 7.2].
• Motivations for building a string field theory [77, sec. 4].
References
1. I. Bars, First massive level and anomalies in the supermembrane. Nucl. Phys. B 308(2),
462–476 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(88)90573-1
2. I. Bars, Is there a unique consistent unified theory based on extended objects? (1988), pp.
693–698. https://inspirehep.net/literature/264587
3. I. Bars, Issues of topology and the spectrum of membranes, pp. 209–212, Jan 1990. https://
inspirehep.net/literature/285041
4. I. Bars, Membrane symmetries and anomalies. Nucl. Phys. B 343(2), 398–417 (1990). https://
doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(90)90476-T
5. I. Bars, C.N. Pope, Anomalies in super P-branes. Class. Quantum Gravity 5(9), 1157 (1988).
https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/5/9/002
6. I. Bars, C.N. Pope, E. Sezgin, Massless spectrum and critical dimension of the supermembrane. Phys. Lett. B 198(4), 455–460 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(87)908999
7. I. Bars, C.N. Pope, E. Sezgin, Central extensions of area preserving membrane algebras.
Phys. Lett. B 210(1), 85–91 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(88)90354-1
8. N. Berkovits, Super-Poincare invariant superstring field theory. Nucl. Phys. B 450(1–2),
90–102 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(95)00259-U. arXiv: hep-th/9503099
9. N. Berkovits, Y. Okawa, B. Zwiebach, WZW-like action for heterotic string field theory. J.
High Energy Phys. 2004(11), 038–038 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2004/11/
038. arXiv: hep-th/0409018
10. S. Chakrabarti, S.P. Kashyap, B. Sahoo, A. Sen, M. Verma, Subleading soft theorem for
multiple soft gravitons. J. High Energy Phys. 2017(12) (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/
JHEP12(2017)150. arXiv: 1707.06803