10. Walters C, Wheeler LM, Grotenhuis JM
(2005) Longevity of seeds stored in a genebank: species characteristics. Seed Sci Res
15:1–20
11. Ballesteros D, Pence VC (2017) Survival and
death of seeds during LN storage: a case study
on seeds with short lifespans. CryoLetters
38:278–289
12. Davies RM, Dickie JB, Ballesteros D (2018)
Evaluation of short-lived seeds’ cryopreservation as alternative to conventional seed banking. Cryobiology 85:140–141
13. Vertucci CW, Roos EE, Crane J (1994) Theoretical basis of protocols for seed storage III.
Optimum moisture contents for pea seeds
stored at different temperatures. Ann Bot
74:531–540
14. Dussert S, Chabrillange N, Rocquelin G,
Engelmann F, Lopez M, Hammon S (2001)
Tolerance of coffee (Coffea spp.) seeds to
ultra-low temperature exposure in relation to
calorimetric properties of tissue water, lipid
composition, and cooling procedure. Physiol
Plant 112:495–504
15. Hor YL, Kim YJ, Ugap A, Chabrillange N,
Sinniah UR, Engelmann F, Dussert S (2005)
Optimal hydration status for cryopreservation
of intermediate oily seeds: Citrus as a case
study. Ann Bot 95:1153–1161
16. Berjak P, Pammenter NW (2007) From Avicennia to Zizania: seed recalcitrance in perspective. Ann Bot 101:213–228
17. Vertucci CW, Leopold CA (1987) The relationship between water binding and desiccation tolerance in tissues. Plant Physiol
85:232–238
18. Vertucci CW (1990) Calorimetric studies of
the state of water in seed tissues. Biophys J
58:1463–1471
19. Wolfe J, Bryant G, Koster KL (2002) What is
‘unfreezable water’, how unfreezable is it and
how much is there? CryoLetters 23:157–166
20. Pritchard HW (1995) Cryopreservation of
seeds. In: Day JG, Pennington MW (eds)
Cryopreservation and freeze-drying protocols.
Humana, Totowa, NJ, pp 133–144
21. Nadarajan J, Mansor M, Krishnapillay B,
Staines HJ, Benson EE, Harding K (2008)
Applications of differential scanning calorimetry in developing cryopreservation strategies
for Parkia speciosa, a tropical tree producing
recalcitrant seeds. CryoLetters 29:95–110
22. Eira MTS, Amaral da Silva AE, De Castro RD,
Dussert S, Walters C, Bewley JD, Hilhorst
HWM (2006) Coffee seed physiology. Braz J
Plant Physiol 18:149–163
23. Pammenter NW, Vertucci CW, Berjak P (1991)
Homeohydrous (recalcitrant) seeds: dehydration, the state of water and viability characteristics in Landolphia kirkii. Plant Physiol
96:1093–1098
24. Mycock D (1999) Addition of calcium and
magnesium to a glycerol and sucrose cryoprotectant solution improves the quality of plant
embryo recovery from cryostorage. CryoLetters 20:77–82
25. McCown BH, Lloyd G (1981) Woody Plant
Medium (WPM) - a mineral nutrient formulation for microculture of woody plant species.
Hort Sci 16:453–453
26. Xia K, Hill LM, Li DZ, Walters C (2014) Factors affecting stress tolerance in recalcitrant
embryonic axes from seeds of four Quercus
(Fagaceae) species native to the USA or
China. Ann Bot 114:1747–1759
27. Gold K, Manger K (2014) Technical Information Sheet_05: Measuring seed moisture status
using a hygrometer. Board of Trustees of the
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://
brahmsonline.kew.org/Content/Projects/
msbp/resources/Training/05-eRH-moisturemeasurement.pdf. Accessed 31 July 2019
28. Sutcliffe V, Adams J (2014) Technical Information Sheet_07: Low-cost monitors of seed
moisture status. Board of Trustees of the
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://
brahmsonline.kew.org/Content/Projects/
msbp/resources/Training/07-Low-cost-mois
ture-monitors.pdf. Accessed 31 July 2019
29. Probert R, Manger K, Adams J (2003)
Non-destructive measurement of seed moisture. In: Smith RD, Dickie JB, Linington SH,
Pritchard HW, Probert RJ (eds) Seed conservation: turning science into practice. The Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, pp 367–387
30. Vertucci CW, Roos EE (1993) Theoretical
basis of protocols for seed storage II. The influence of temperature on optimal moisture
levels. Seed Sci Res 3:201–213
31. Gold K, Hay F (2014) Technical Information
Sheet_09: Equilibrating seeds to specific moisture levels. Board of Trustees of the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://brahmsonline.
kew.org/Content/Projects/msbp/resources/
Training/09-Seed-air-moisture-relations.pdf.
Accessed 28 July 2019
32. Sun WQ (2002) Methods for the study of
water relations under desiccation stress. In:
Black M, Pritchard HW (eds) Desiccation and
survival in plants: drying without dying. CABI,
Wallingford, UK, pp 47–91
33. Fanega-Sleziak N, Pritchard HW, Ballesteros D
(2018) Contribution of embryo size and age to
Cryopreservation of Seeds and Seed Embryos
681
(2005) Longevity of seeds stored in a genebank: species characteristics. Seed Sci Res
15:1–20
11. Ballesteros D, Pence VC (2017) Survival and
death of seeds during LN storage: a case study
on seeds with short lifespans. CryoLetters
38:278–289
12. Davies RM, Dickie JB, Ballesteros D (2018)
Evaluation of short-lived seeds’ cryopreservation as alternative to conventional seed banking. Cryobiology 85:140–141
13. Vertucci CW, Roos EE, Crane J (1994) Theoretical basis of protocols for seed storage III.
Optimum moisture contents for pea seeds
stored at different temperatures. Ann Bot
74:531–540
14. Dussert S, Chabrillange N, Rocquelin G,
Engelmann F, Lopez M, Hammon S (2001)
Tolerance of coffee (Coffea spp.) seeds to
ultra-low temperature exposure in relation to
calorimetric properties of tissue water, lipid
composition, and cooling procedure. Physiol
Plant 112:495–504
15. Hor YL, Kim YJ, Ugap A, Chabrillange N,
Sinniah UR, Engelmann F, Dussert S (2005)
Optimal hydration status for cryopreservation
of intermediate oily seeds: Citrus as a case
study. Ann Bot 95:1153–1161
16. Berjak P, Pammenter NW (2007) From Avicennia to Zizania: seed recalcitrance in perspective. Ann Bot 101:213–228
17. Vertucci CW, Leopold CA (1987) The relationship between water binding and desiccation tolerance in tissues. Plant Physiol
85:232–238
18. Vertucci CW (1990) Calorimetric studies of
the state of water in seed tissues. Biophys J
58:1463–1471
19. Wolfe J, Bryant G, Koster KL (2002) What is
‘unfreezable water’, how unfreezable is it and
how much is there? CryoLetters 23:157–166
20. Pritchard HW (1995) Cryopreservation of
seeds. In: Day JG, Pennington MW (eds)
Cryopreservation and freeze-drying protocols.
Humana, Totowa, NJ, pp 133–144
21. Nadarajan J, Mansor M, Krishnapillay B,
Staines HJ, Benson EE, Harding K (2008)
Applications of differential scanning calorimetry in developing cryopreservation strategies
for Parkia speciosa, a tropical tree producing
recalcitrant seeds. CryoLetters 29:95–110
22. Eira MTS, Amaral da Silva AE, De Castro RD,
Dussert S, Walters C, Bewley JD, Hilhorst
HWM (2006) Coffee seed physiology. Braz J
Plant Physiol 18:149–163
23. Pammenter NW, Vertucci CW, Berjak P (1991)
Homeohydrous (recalcitrant) seeds: dehydration, the state of water and viability characteristics in Landolphia kirkii. Plant Physiol
96:1093–1098
24. Mycock D (1999) Addition of calcium and
magnesium to a glycerol and sucrose cryoprotectant solution improves the quality of plant
embryo recovery from cryostorage. CryoLetters 20:77–82
25. McCown BH, Lloyd G (1981) Woody Plant
Medium (WPM) - a mineral nutrient formulation for microculture of woody plant species.
Hort Sci 16:453–453
26. Xia K, Hill LM, Li DZ, Walters C (2014) Factors affecting stress tolerance in recalcitrant
embryonic axes from seeds of four Quercus
(Fagaceae) species native to the USA or
China. Ann Bot 114:1747–1759
27. Gold K, Manger K (2014) Technical Information Sheet_05: Measuring seed moisture status
using a hygrometer. Board of Trustees of the
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://
brahmsonline.kew.org/Content/Projects/
msbp/resources/Training/05-eRH-moisturemeasurement.pdf. Accessed 31 July 2019
28. Sutcliffe V, Adams J (2014) Technical Information Sheet_07: Low-cost monitors of seed
moisture status. Board of Trustees of the
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://
brahmsonline.kew.org/Content/Projects/
msbp/resources/Training/07-Low-cost-mois
ture-monitors.pdf. Accessed 31 July 2019
29. Probert R, Manger K, Adams J (2003)
Non-destructive measurement of seed moisture. In: Smith RD, Dickie JB, Linington SH,
Pritchard HW, Probert RJ (eds) Seed conservation: turning science into practice. The Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, pp 367–387
30. Vertucci CW, Roos EE (1993) Theoretical
basis of protocols for seed storage II. The influence of temperature on optimal moisture
levels. Seed Sci Res 3:201–213
31. Gold K, Hay F (2014) Technical Information
Sheet_09: Equilibrating seeds to specific moisture levels. Board of Trustees of the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://brahmsonline.
kew.org/Content/Projects/msbp/resources/
Training/09-Seed-air-moisture-relations.pdf.
Accessed 28 July 2019
32. Sun WQ (2002) Methods for the study of
water relations under desiccation stress. In:
Black M, Pritchard HW (eds) Desiccation and
survival in plants: drying without dying. CABI,
Wallingford, UK, pp 47–91
33. Fanega-Sleziak N, Pritchard HW, Ballesteros D
(2018) Contribution of embryo size and age to
Cryopreservation of Seeds and Seed Embryos
681