3. Day JG, Brand JJ (2006) Cryopreservation
methods for maintaining microalgal cultures.
In: Andersen RA (ed) Algal culturing techniques. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 165–187
4. Rhodes L, Smith KF, MacKenzie L, Wood SA,
Ponikla K, Harwood DT, Packer M, Munday R
(2006) The Cawthron Institute Culture Collection of Micro-algae: a significant national
collection. New Zeal J Mar Fresh Res
50:291–316
5. Paredes E, Costas D, Casal A, CortinaBurguen ˜o A, Lubia ´n LM (2013) Criopreservacio ´ n de microalgas marinas: Nannochloropsis
gaditana Rhodomonas lens, Cylindrotheca
closterium, Chaetoceros gracilis, Synechoccocus sp. e Isochrysis aff. galbana clon T-ISO. In:
Foro Iberoam V, Acui RM, Cardenas S, Mancera JM, Rey-Me ´ndez M, Lodeiros C (eds) pp
263–272. ISBN: 978-84-6959072-0
6. Day JG, Fenwick C (1993) Cryopreservation
of members of the genus Tetraselmis used in
aquaculture. Aquaculture 118:151–160
7. Holm-Hansen O (1963) Viability of bluegreen and green algae after freezing. Physiol
Plant 16:530–540
8. Mazur P (1977) The role of intracellular freezing in the death of cells cooled at supraoptimal
rates. Cryobiology 14:251–272
9. Can ˜avate JP, Lubian LM (1997) Effects of culture age on cryopreservation of marine microalgae. Eur J Phycol 32:87–90
10. Rippka R, Waterbury JB, Stainier RY (1981)
Isolation and purification of Cyanobacteria:
some general principles. In: Starr MP,
Stolp H, Tru ¨per HG, Balows A, Schlegel HG
(eds) The prokaryotes: a handbook on habitats,
isolation and identification of bacteria.
Springer, Berlin, pp 212–222
11. Leeson EA, Cann JP, Morris GJ (1985) Maintenance of algae and protozoa. In: Kirsop BE,
Snell JJS (eds) Maintenance of microorganisms. Academic, London, pp 131–160
12. Box JD (1988) Cryopreservation of blue-green
alga Microcystis aeruginosa. Br Phycol J
23:385–386
13. Kuwano K, Aruga Y, Saga N (1996) Cryopreservation of clonal gametophytic thalli of Porphyra. Plant Sci 116:117–124
14. Heesch S, Day JD, Yamagishi T, Kawai H,
Mu ¨ller DG, Ku ¨pper FC (2012) Cryopreservation of the model alga Ectocarpus (Phaeophyceae). CryoLetters 33:327–336
15. Visch W, Rad-Mene ´ndez C, Nylund GM,
Pavia H, Ryan MJ, Day J (2019) Underpinning
the development of seaweed biotechnology:
cryopreservation of brown algae (Saccharina
latissima) gametophytes. Biopreserv Biobank
17:378–386
16. Leung LKP (1991) Principles of biological
cryopreservation. In: Leung KP, Jamieson
BGM (eds) Fish evolution and systematics: evidence from spermatozoa. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 231–244
17. Mazur P (1980) Limits to life at low temperatures and at reduced water contents and water
activities. Orig Life 10:137–159
18. Leibo SP, Songsasen N (2002) Cryopreservation of gametes and embryos of non-domestic
species. Theriogenology 57:303–326
19. Glenister PH, Whittinham DG (1984) Further
studies on the effect of radiation during the
storage of frozen 8-cell mouse embryos at
À196 degrees. J Reprod Fertil 70:229–234
20. Kapoore RV, Huete-Ortega M, Day JG,
Okurowska K, Slocombe SP, Stanley MS, Vaidyanathan S (2019) Effects of cryopreservation
on viability and functional stability of an industrially relevant alga. Sci Rep 9:2093
21. ISBER best practices ADDENDUM 1: liquid
nitrogen-based cryogenic storage of specimens. https://www.isber.org/news/451366/
Download-the-Best-Practices-Fourth-EditionAddendum-Today.htm
Cryopreservation of Algae
621
methods for maintaining microalgal cultures.
In: Andersen RA (ed) Algal culturing techniques. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 165–187
4. Rhodes L, Smith KF, MacKenzie L, Wood SA,
Ponikla K, Harwood DT, Packer M, Munday R
(2006) The Cawthron Institute Culture Collection of Micro-algae: a significant national
collection. New Zeal J Mar Fresh Res
50:291–316
5. Paredes E, Costas D, Casal A, CortinaBurguen ˜o A, Lubia ´n LM (2013) Criopreservacio ´ n de microalgas marinas: Nannochloropsis
gaditana Rhodomonas lens, Cylindrotheca
closterium, Chaetoceros gracilis, Synechoccocus sp. e Isochrysis aff. galbana clon T-ISO. In:
Foro Iberoam V, Acui RM, Cardenas S, Mancera JM, Rey-Me ´ndez M, Lodeiros C (eds) pp
263–272. ISBN: 978-84-6959072-0
6. Day JG, Fenwick C (1993) Cryopreservation
of members of the genus Tetraselmis used in
aquaculture. Aquaculture 118:151–160
7. Holm-Hansen O (1963) Viability of bluegreen and green algae after freezing. Physiol
Plant 16:530–540
8. Mazur P (1977) The role of intracellular freezing in the death of cells cooled at supraoptimal
rates. Cryobiology 14:251–272
9. Can ˜avate JP, Lubian LM (1997) Effects of culture age on cryopreservation of marine microalgae. Eur J Phycol 32:87–90
10. Rippka R, Waterbury JB, Stainier RY (1981)
Isolation and purification of Cyanobacteria:
some general principles. In: Starr MP,
Stolp H, Tru ¨per HG, Balows A, Schlegel HG
(eds) The prokaryotes: a handbook on habitats,
isolation and identification of bacteria.
Springer, Berlin, pp 212–222
11. Leeson EA, Cann JP, Morris GJ (1985) Maintenance of algae and protozoa. In: Kirsop BE,
Snell JJS (eds) Maintenance of microorganisms. Academic, London, pp 131–160
12. Box JD (1988) Cryopreservation of blue-green
alga Microcystis aeruginosa. Br Phycol J
23:385–386
13. Kuwano K, Aruga Y, Saga N (1996) Cryopreservation of clonal gametophytic thalli of Porphyra. Plant Sci 116:117–124
14. Heesch S, Day JD, Yamagishi T, Kawai H,
Mu ¨ller DG, Ku ¨pper FC (2012) Cryopreservation of the model alga Ectocarpus (Phaeophyceae). CryoLetters 33:327–336
15. Visch W, Rad-Mene ´ndez C, Nylund GM,
Pavia H, Ryan MJ, Day J (2019) Underpinning
the development of seaweed biotechnology:
cryopreservation of brown algae (Saccharina
latissima) gametophytes. Biopreserv Biobank
17:378–386
16. Leung LKP (1991) Principles of biological
cryopreservation. In: Leung KP, Jamieson
BGM (eds) Fish evolution and systematics: evidence from spermatozoa. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 231–244
17. Mazur P (1980) Limits to life at low temperatures and at reduced water contents and water
activities. Orig Life 10:137–159
18. Leibo SP, Songsasen N (2002) Cryopreservation of gametes and embryos of non-domestic
species. Theriogenology 57:303–326
19. Glenister PH, Whittinham DG (1984) Further
studies on the effect of radiation during the
storage of frozen 8-cell mouse embryos at
À196 degrees. J Reprod Fertil 70:229–234
20. Kapoore RV, Huete-Ortega M, Day JG,
Okurowska K, Slocombe SP, Stanley MS, Vaidyanathan S (2019) Effects of cryopreservation
on viability and functional stability of an industrially relevant alga. Sci Rep 9:2093
21. ISBER best practices ADDENDUM 1: liquid
nitrogen-based cryogenic storage of specimens. https://www.isber.org/news/451366/
Download-the-Best-Practices-Fourth-EditionAddendum-Today.htm
Cryopreservation of Algae
621