their invaluable contributions and support in pushing vitrification
to become our standard protocol for cryopreservation of human
oocytes and blastocysts within our program since 2004.
References
1. Fahy GM, MacFarlane DR, Angell CA, Meryman HT (1984) Vitrification as an approach to
cryopreservation. Cryobiology 21:407–426
2. Fahy GM (1986) Vitrification: a new approach
to organ cryopreservation. In: Merryman HT
(ed) Transplantation: approaches to graft rejection. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 305–335
3. Seki S, Mazur P (2009) The dominance of
warming rate over cooling rate in the survival
of mouse oocytes subjected to a vitrification
procedure. Cryobiology 59:75–82
4. Mazur P, Seki S (2011) Survival of mouse
oocytes after being cooled in a vitrification
solution to À196
C at 95
to 70,000
C/min
and warmed at 610
to 118,000
C/min: a new
paradigm for cryopreservation by vitrification.
Cryobiology 62:1–7
5. Rall WF, Fahy GM (1985) Ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at À196
C by vitrification. Nature 313:573–575
6. Ali J, Shelton JN (1993) Vitrification of preimplantation stages of mouse embryos. J Reprod
Fertil 98:459–465
7. Vajta G, Holm P, Kuwayama M, Booth PJ,
Jacobsen H, Greve T, Callesen H (1998)
Open pulled straws (OPS) vitrification: a new
way to reduce cryoinjuries of bovine ova and
embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 51:53–58
8. Kuleshova L, Gianaroli L, Magli C,
Ferraretti A, Trounson A (1999) Birth following vitrification of a small number of human
oocytes:
case
report.
Hum
Reprod
14:3077–3079
9. Yoon TK, Chung HM, Lim JM, Han SY, Ko JJ,
Cha KY (2000) Pregnancy and delivery of
healthy infants developed from vitrified oocytes
in a stimulated in vitro fertilization-embryo
transfer program. Fertil Steril 74:180–181
10. Walker DL, Tummon IS, Hammitt DG, Session DR, Dumesic DA, Thornhill AR (2004)
Vitrification versus programmable rate freezing
of late stage murine embryos: a randomized
comparison prior to application in clinical
IVF. Reprod Biomed Online 8:558–568
11. Takahashi K, Mukaida T, Goto T, Oka C
(2005) Perinatal outcome of blastocyst transfer
with vitrification using cryoloop: a 4-year follow-up study. Fertil Steril 84:88–92
12. Liebermann J, Tucker MJ (2006) Comparison
of vitrification versus conventional cryopreservation of day 5 and day 6 blastocysts during
clinical application. Fert Steril 86:20–26
13. Liebermann J (2009) Vitrification of human
blastocysts: an update. Reprod Biomed Online
19(Suppl 4):105–114
14. Liebermann J (2011) More than six years of
blastocyst vitrification—what is the verdict? US
Obstet Gynecol 5:14–17
15. Liebermann J, Tucker MJ (2002) Effect of
carrier system on the yield of human oocytes
and embryos as assessed by survival and developmental potential after vitrification. Reproduction 124:483–489
16. Liebermann J, Nawroth F, Isachenko V,
Isachenko E, Rahimi G, Tucker MJ (2002)
Potential importance of vitrification in reproductive medicine. Biol Reprod 67:1671–1680
17. Liebermann J, Dietl J, Vanderzwalmen P,
Tucker MJ (2003) Recent developments in
human oocyte, embryo and blastocyst vitrification: where are we now? Reprod Biomed
Online 7:623–633
Vitrification of Human Blastocysts
515
to become our standard protocol for cryopreservation of human
oocytes and blastocysts within our program since 2004.
References
1. Fahy GM, MacFarlane DR, Angell CA, Meryman HT (1984) Vitrification as an approach to
cryopreservation. Cryobiology 21:407–426
2. Fahy GM (1986) Vitrification: a new approach
to organ cryopreservation. In: Merryman HT
(ed) Transplantation: approaches to graft rejection. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 305–335
3. Seki S, Mazur P (2009) The dominance of
warming rate over cooling rate in the survival
of mouse oocytes subjected to a vitrification
procedure. Cryobiology 59:75–82
4. Mazur P, Seki S (2011) Survival of mouse
oocytes after being cooled in a vitrification
solution to À196
C at 95
to 70,000
C/min
and warmed at 610
to 118,000
C/min: a new
paradigm for cryopreservation by vitrification.
Cryobiology 62:1–7
5. Rall WF, Fahy GM (1985) Ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at À196
C by vitrification. Nature 313:573–575
6. Ali J, Shelton JN (1993) Vitrification of preimplantation stages of mouse embryos. J Reprod
Fertil 98:459–465
7. Vajta G, Holm P, Kuwayama M, Booth PJ,
Jacobsen H, Greve T, Callesen H (1998)
Open pulled straws (OPS) vitrification: a new
way to reduce cryoinjuries of bovine ova and
embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 51:53–58
8. Kuleshova L, Gianaroli L, Magli C,
Ferraretti A, Trounson A (1999) Birth following vitrification of a small number of human
oocytes:
case
report.
Hum
Reprod
14:3077–3079
9. Yoon TK, Chung HM, Lim JM, Han SY, Ko JJ,
Cha KY (2000) Pregnancy and delivery of
healthy infants developed from vitrified oocytes
in a stimulated in vitro fertilization-embryo
transfer program. Fertil Steril 74:180–181
10. Walker DL, Tummon IS, Hammitt DG, Session DR, Dumesic DA, Thornhill AR (2004)
Vitrification versus programmable rate freezing
of late stage murine embryos: a randomized
comparison prior to application in clinical
IVF. Reprod Biomed Online 8:558–568
11. Takahashi K, Mukaida T, Goto T, Oka C
(2005) Perinatal outcome of blastocyst transfer
with vitrification using cryoloop: a 4-year follow-up study. Fertil Steril 84:88–92
12. Liebermann J, Tucker MJ (2006) Comparison
of vitrification versus conventional cryopreservation of day 5 and day 6 blastocysts during
clinical application. Fert Steril 86:20–26
13. Liebermann J (2009) Vitrification of human
blastocysts: an update. Reprod Biomed Online
19(Suppl 4):105–114
14. Liebermann J (2011) More than six years of
blastocyst vitrification—what is the verdict? US
Obstet Gynecol 5:14–17
15. Liebermann J, Tucker MJ (2002) Effect of
carrier system on the yield of human oocytes
and embryos as assessed by survival and developmental potential after vitrification. Reproduction 124:483–489
16. Liebermann J, Nawroth F, Isachenko V,
Isachenko E, Rahimi G, Tucker MJ (2002)
Potential importance of vitrification in reproductive medicine. Biol Reprod 67:1671–1680
17. Liebermann J, Dietl J, Vanderzwalmen P,
Tucker MJ (2003) Recent developments in
human oocyte, embryo and blastocyst vitrification: where are we now? Reprod Biomed
Online 7:623–633
Vitrification of Human Blastocysts
515