9. The operating head is set to pop up automatically after the read
is finished. However, in some cases, the operating head gets
stuck in the refrigerator well due to (1) frost or ice formation in
the refrigerator well (use a Q-tip to clean it) or (2) the nosepiece being in the wrong position (adjust the position of the
nosepiece in relation to the test tube). For more troubleshooting guidance, refer to the manufacturer’s manual.
Acknowledgments
The articular cartilage research projects referred to in this manuscript were funded by the Edmonton Orthopaedic Research Committee and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Janet A. W.
Elliott holds a Canada Research Chair in Thermodynamics. Kezhou
Wu is funded by the Li Ka Shing Sino-Canadian Exchange Program
between the University of Alberta and Shantou University. Nadia
Shardt acknowledges funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Alberta Innovates
and Alberta Advanced Education, the Government of Alberta, and
the University of Alberta.
References
1. Rall WF, Fahy GM (1985) Ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at À196
C by vitrification. Nature 313:573–575
2. Jomha NM, Elliott JAW, Law GK,
Maghdoori B, Forbes JF, Abazari A, Adesida
AB, Laouar L, Zhou X, McGann LE (2012)
Vitrification of intact human articular cartilage.
Biomaterials 33:6061–6068
3. Abazari A, Elliott JAW, McGann LE, Thompson RB (2012) MR spectroscopy measurement
of the diffusion of dimethyl sulfoxide in articular cartilage and comparison to theoretical predictions. Osteoarthr Cartil 20:1004–1010
4. Carsi B, Lopez-Lacomba JL, Sanz J, Marco F,
Lopez-Duran L (2004) Cryoprotectant permeation through human articular cartilage.
Osteoarthr Cartil 12:787–792
5. Hagedorn M, Hsu EW, Pilatus U, Wildt DE,
Rall WR, Blackband SJ (1996) Magnetic resonance microscopy and spectroscopy reveal
kinetics of cryoprotectant permeation in a multicompartmental biological system. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 93:7454–7459
6. Sharma R, Law GK, Rekieh K, Abazari A,
Elliott JAW, McGann LE, Jomha NM (2007)
A novel method to measure cryoprotectant
permeation into intact articular cartilage.
Cryobiology 54:196–203
7. Jomha NM, Law GK, Abazari A, Rekieh K,
Elliott JAW, McGann LE (2009) Permeation
of several cryoprotectant agents into porcine
articular cartilage. Cryobiology 58:110–114
8. Abazari A, Jomha NM, Law GK, Elliott JAW,
McGann LE (2009) Erratum to “Permeation
of several cryoprotectants in porcine articular
cartilage” [Cryobiology 58 (2009) 110–114].
Cryobiology 59:369
9. Yu H, Al-Abbasi KK, Elliott JAW, McGann LE,
Jomha NM (2013) Clinical efflux of cryoprotective agents from vitrified human articular
cartilage. Cryobiology 66:121–125
10. Shardt N, Al-Abbasi KK, Yu H, Jomha NM,
McGann LE, Elliott JAW (2016) Cryoprotectant kinetic analysis of a human articular cartilage vitrification protocol. Cryobiology
73:80–92
11. Lemmon EW, McLinden MO, Friend DG
(2008) NIST chemistry webbook, thermophysical properties of fluid systems, NIST standard
reference database number 69. https://doi.
org/10.18434/T4D303
12. Jomha NM, Anoop PC, Bagnall K, McGann
LE (2002) Effects of increasing concentrations
of dimethyl sulfoxide during cryopreservation
of porcine articular cartilage. Cell Preserv
Technol 1:111–120
Osmometric Measurements of Cryoprotective Agent Permeation
315
is finished. However, in some cases, the operating head gets
stuck in the refrigerator well due to (1) frost or ice formation in
the refrigerator well (use a Q-tip to clean it) or (2) the nosepiece being in the wrong position (adjust the position of the
nosepiece in relation to the test tube). For more troubleshooting guidance, refer to the manufacturer’s manual.
Acknowledgments
The articular cartilage research projects referred to in this manuscript were funded by the Edmonton Orthopaedic Research Committee and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Janet A. W.
Elliott holds a Canada Research Chair in Thermodynamics. Kezhou
Wu is funded by the Li Ka Shing Sino-Canadian Exchange Program
between the University of Alberta and Shantou University. Nadia
Shardt acknowledges funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Alberta Innovates
and Alberta Advanced Education, the Government of Alberta, and
the University of Alberta.
References
1. Rall WF, Fahy GM (1985) Ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at À196
C by vitrification. Nature 313:573–575
2. Jomha NM, Elliott JAW, Law GK,
Maghdoori B, Forbes JF, Abazari A, Adesida
AB, Laouar L, Zhou X, McGann LE (2012)
Vitrification of intact human articular cartilage.
Biomaterials 33:6061–6068
3. Abazari A, Elliott JAW, McGann LE, Thompson RB (2012) MR spectroscopy measurement
of the diffusion of dimethyl sulfoxide in articular cartilage and comparison to theoretical predictions. Osteoarthr Cartil 20:1004–1010
4. Carsi B, Lopez-Lacomba JL, Sanz J, Marco F,
Lopez-Duran L (2004) Cryoprotectant permeation through human articular cartilage.
Osteoarthr Cartil 12:787–792
5. Hagedorn M, Hsu EW, Pilatus U, Wildt DE,
Rall WR, Blackband SJ (1996) Magnetic resonance microscopy and spectroscopy reveal
kinetics of cryoprotectant permeation in a multicompartmental biological system. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 93:7454–7459
6. Sharma R, Law GK, Rekieh K, Abazari A,
Elliott JAW, McGann LE, Jomha NM (2007)
A novel method to measure cryoprotectant
permeation into intact articular cartilage.
Cryobiology 54:196–203
7. Jomha NM, Law GK, Abazari A, Rekieh K,
Elliott JAW, McGann LE (2009) Permeation
of several cryoprotectant agents into porcine
articular cartilage. Cryobiology 58:110–114
8. Abazari A, Jomha NM, Law GK, Elliott JAW,
McGann LE (2009) Erratum to “Permeation
of several cryoprotectants in porcine articular
cartilage” [Cryobiology 58 (2009) 110–114].
Cryobiology 59:369
9. Yu H, Al-Abbasi KK, Elliott JAW, McGann LE,
Jomha NM (2013) Clinical efflux of cryoprotective agents from vitrified human articular
cartilage. Cryobiology 66:121–125
10. Shardt N, Al-Abbasi KK, Yu H, Jomha NM,
McGann LE, Elliott JAW (2016) Cryoprotectant kinetic analysis of a human articular cartilage vitrification protocol. Cryobiology
73:80–92
11. Lemmon EW, McLinden MO, Friend DG
(2008) NIST chemistry webbook, thermophysical properties of fluid systems, NIST standard
reference database number 69. https://doi.
org/10.18434/T4D303
12. Jomha NM, Anoop PC, Bagnall K, McGann
LE (2002) Effects of increasing concentrations
of dimethyl sulfoxide during cryopreservation
of porcine articular cartilage. Cell Preserv
Technol 1:111–120
Osmometric Measurements of Cryoprotective Agent Permeation
315