384
Index
stochastic processes
correlation functions and power spectra,
111–114
stationary and ergodic stochastic
processes, 109–111
statistical measures, 107–109
Signal processing and feature extraction
ECG
frequency-domain analysis, 191–193
time-domain analysis, 191
wavelet-domain analysis, 193
EEG
frequency-domain analysis, 211–212
sources of noise, 210–211
time-domain analysis, 212–214
wavelet-domain analysis, 214
EMG
frequency-domain analysis, 232–233
sources of noise, 230–231
time-domain analysis, 231–232
wavelet-domain analysis, 232–233
Signal shift, 23
Single photon emission computed tomography
(SPECT)
advantage, 350
cost of, 350
vs. PET, 350
Sinus tachycardia, 191
Sleep disorders, 208–209
Smoothing filters in frequency domain
Butterworth low-pass filters, 60
ideal low-pass filter, 59–60
Sobel edge detection, 63–66
Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP), 204
Space-domain image enhancement
techniques, 39
SPECT, see Single photon emission computed
tomography (SPECT)
Spectral edge frequency (SEF), 212
Spindles, 203
Spontaneous activity, 203
Stochastic processes
correlation functions and power spectra,
111–114
stationary and ergodic stochastic processes,
109–111
statistical measures, 107–109
Supervised learning, 125
Systole, 173
T
3 × 3 mask, 47–48
Time-domain analysis
ECG, 191
EEG, 212–214
EMG, 231–232
Time-of-flight (TOF) tomography
CT, 251
ultrasound imaging
description, 324–325
principle, 319
Tricuspid valve, see Atrioventricular valve
T wave, 177
Two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform
(2-D DFT), see Discrete Fourier
transform (DFT)
Two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform
(2-D DWT), 94–96
U
Ultrasound imaging
advantages, 309–310
applications, 332
artifacts, 330
attenuation tomography
mathematical model, tissue imaging,
321–324
principle, 319
setup description, 320–321
translation distance modeling, 320
axial resolution, 318
bioeffects, 334–335
brightness mode (B-mode), 329
vs. CT, 334
description, 309
2-D imaging limitations, 330
3-D reconstruction, 330–331
flow characteristics, 310
fundamental ultrasound concepts
acoustic impedance, 313
attenuation, 314–316
pulser, 312
pulse train delivery protocol, 312
reflection, 316–318
time periodicity, 312
wave equation, 313–314
wavelength, 312
wave theory, 311–312
image registration, 333–334
lateral resolution, 318–319
limitations, 330
magnetorestrictive based ultrasound
generation, 310
maximum intensity projection (MIP)
technique, 331
M-mode, 329–330
vs. MRI, 334
multiplanar reformatting (MPR)
approach, 331
piezoelectric ultrasound generation,
310–311
processing and feature extraction, 332–333