Fig. 11.17 a–d Wind farm foundations as artificial reefs. a shows a tripod foundation with
climbing aids; b are potential guide profiles for the target species in a flat, round or even structured
mode; c profiles attached to a foundation piece in a circular and spiral manner; d artificial habitat in
polyhedron form for crustaceans; e scavenging carriage to harvest target species; f device for
colonizing and harvesting marine hardground animals (all images modified after Krone (2012a);
Krone et al. 2012; Krone and Krämer (2012) and Krone and Krämer (2011)
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