be reported, such as enhancement of recreational fishing by fish naturally
aggregating around the farm.
• Government should craft environmental monitoring requirements for aquaculture projects to foster sustainable development that are based on accepted science and essential parameters and reasonable sampling frequencies. Further they
should not be overly burdensome to a farm located in a highly exposed, turbulent, open ocean setting. When uncertainty exists for the potential project
impacts and rigorous monitoring is initially required, farmers should have the
opportunity to modify monitoring plans (e.g., sampling frequency and parameters required) when sample data, are found, for example, to not be changing at
a high rate or are having insignificant impact on ambient conditions.
References
Alfred-Wegener Institute. (2014). Marine aquaculture technologies. Accessed November 3, 2014
from http://awi.de/en/reserch/new_technologies/marime_aquaculture_maritime_technologies_
and_iczm/
Alston, D., Cabarcas, A., Capella, J., Bennetti, J., & Cortes, R. (2005). Environmental and social
impact of sustainable offshore Cage culture production in Puerto Rican Waters (p. 206). Final
Report. Washington, DC: NOAA.
American Oil and Gas Historical Society. (2014). History of offshore oil and gas drilling.
Retrieved September 28, 2014, from http://aoghs.org
Anderson, J., & Shamshak, G. (2008). Future markets for aquaculture products. In: R. Michael
(Ed.), Offshore aquaculture in the United States: Economic considerations, implications, and
opportunities (pp. 231–244). NOAA Technical Memorandum. Silver Springs, USA: USDOC
Angel, D., & Edelist, D. (2013). Sustainable development of marine aquaculture off-the-coast and
offshore—A review of environmental and ecosystem issues and future needs in the tropical
zones. In A. Lovatelli, J. Anguillar-Manjarrez, & D. Soto (Eds.), Technical Workshop
Proceedings: Expanding mariculture farther offshore: Technical, environmental, spatial, and
governance challenges (pp. 173–200). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Aquaculture Planning & Advocacy. (2011). Hawaii Dept. of Agriculture (124 p). Retrieved
September 15, 2014, from http://hdoa.hawaii.gov/ai/files/2013/03/Permits-and-RegulatoryRequirements-For-Aquaculture-in-Hawaii-2011-Final.pdf
Balsiger, J. (2009). Letter to Dr. Robert Shiff, Chairman, Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management
Council from James Balsiger, Acting Assistant Administrator for Fisheries, NMFS, NOAA.
September 3, 2009. Retrieved September 3, 2014, from http://sero.nmfs.noaa/sustainable_
fisheries/gulf_fisheries/aquaculture/
Bridger, C. J. (Ed.). (2004). Efforts to develop a responsible offshore aquaculture industry in the
Gulf of Mexico. Ocean Springs, MS: Mississippi-Alabama SG Consortium.
Brown, L. (2009). Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to save civilization. New York: W.W. Norton &
Comp. Inc.
Buck, B. H., Krause, G., & Rosenthal, H. (2004). Extensive open ocean aquaculture development
within wind farms in Germany: The prospect of offshore co-management and legal constraints.
Ocean and Coastal Management, 47, 95–122.
Buck, B. H., Krause, G., Michler-Cieluch, T., Brenner, M., Buchlolz, C., Busch, J., et al. (2008).
Meeting the quest for spatial efficiency progress and prospects of extensive aquaculture within
offshore wind farms. Helgoland Marine Research, 62, 269–281.
Bush Administration. (2004). U.S. Ocean action plan. Washington, DC: NOAA.
226
J.S. Corbin et al.
aggregating around the farm.
• Government should craft environmental monitoring requirements for aquaculture projects to foster sustainable development that are based on accepted science and essential parameters and reasonable sampling frequencies. Further they
should not be overly burdensome to a farm located in a highly exposed, turbulent, open ocean setting. When uncertainty exists for the potential project
impacts and rigorous monitoring is initially required, farmers should have the
opportunity to modify monitoring plans (e.g., sampling frequency and parameters required) when sample data, are found, for example, to not be changing at
a high rate or are having insignificant impact on ambient conditions.
References
Alfred-Wegener Institute. (2014). Marine aquaculture technologies. Accessed November 3, 2014
from http://awi.de/en/reserch/new_technologies/marime_aquaculture_maritime_technologies_
and_iczm/
Alston, D., Cabarcas, A., Capella, J., Bennetti, J., & Cortes, R. (2005). Environmental and social
impact of sustainable offshore Cage culture production in Puerto Rican Waters (p. 206). Final
Report. Washington, DC: NOAA.
American Oil and Gas Historical Society. (2014). History of offshore oil and gas drilling.
Retrieved September 28, 2014, from http://aoghs.org
Anderson, J., & Shamshak, G. (2008). Future markets for aquaculture products. In: R. Michael
(Ed.), Offshore aquaculture in the United States: Economic considerations, implications, and
opportunities (pp. 231–244). NOAA Technical Memorandum. Silver Springs, USA: USDOC
Angel, D., & Edelist, D. (2013). Sustainable development of marine aquaculture off-the-coast and
offshore—A review of environmental and ecosystem issues and future needs in the tropical
zones. In A. Lovatelli, J. Anguillar-Manjarrez, & D. Soto (Eds.), Technical Workshop
Proceedings: Expanding mariculture farther offshore: Technical, environmental, spatial, and
governance challenges (pp. 173–200). Rome, Italy: FAO.
Aquaculture Planning & Advocacy. (2011). Hawaii Dept. of Agriculture (124 p). Retrieved
September 15, 2014, from http://hdoa.hawaii.gov/ai/files/2013/03/Permits-and-RegulatoryRequirements-For-Aquaculture-in-Hawaii-2011-Final.pdf
Balsiger, J. (2009). Letter to Dr. Robert Shiff, Chairman, Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management
Council from James Balsiger, Acting Assistant Administrator for Fisheries, NMFS, NOAA.
September 3, 2009. Retrieved September 3, 2014, from http://sero.nmfs.noaa/sustainable_
fisheries/gulf_fisheries/aquaculture/
Bridger, C. J. (Ed.). (2004). Efforts to develop a responsible offshore aquaculture industry in the
Gulf of Mexico. Ocean Springs, MS: Mississippi-Alabama SG Consortium.
Brown, L. (2009). Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to save civilization. New York: W.W. Norton &
Comp. Inc.
Buck, B. H., Krause, G., & Rosenthal, H. (2004). Extensive open ocean aquaculture development
within wind farms in Germany: The prospect of offshore co-management and legal constraints.
Ocean and Coastal Management, 47, 95–122.
Buck, B. H., Krause, G., Michler-Cieluch, T., Brenner, M., Buchlolz, C., Busch, J., et al. (2008).
Meeting the quest for spatial efficiency progress and prospects of extensive aquaculture within
offshore wind farms. Helgoland Marine Research, 62, 269–281.
Bush Administration. (2004). U.S. Ocean action plan. Washington, DC: NOAA.
226
J.S. Corbin et al.