frontal surface area of the immersed jacket structure and thereby give increased
drag forces from currents or waves. To ensure an optimal lifetime and lower
operational costs maintenance aspects of materials for both offshore wind and
aquaculture constructions should be taken into account already in the design phase
of combined infrastructure.
5.1 Introduction
For the successful operation of a wind farm and the successful combination of a
wind farm with aquaculture, it is essential that the expected lifetime of the constructions used is acceptable. The expected lifetime of an offshore structure is to a
great extent determined by the risk of failures. These failures can be the result of
many different problems.
This chapter focuses on two technical risks, typically associated with a combination of wind farming and aquaculture: damage mechanisms of corrosion and
bio-fouling, and damage risks of mechanical loads. More precisely, a major technical risk of a combined wind-mussel farm is that of a drifting aquaculture construction that strikes a wind turbine foundation. We carry out a preliminary
qualitative assessment of two scenarios related to this risk: (1) Can a striking
aquaculture construction cause a significant damage to the foundation? (2) If a
drifting aquaculture construction gets stuck around a turbine foundation and thus
increases its surface area, can the foundation handle the extra (drag) forces
involved?
There are additional risks, which are not dealt with in this report. The risk of
collision with ships is also there, and it may even be slightly elevated, but in terms
of possible damage it does not substantially differ from the single-use situation
(wind farm). Impacts of foreign (drifting) objects are also not taken into account.
The findings presented in the following sections are based on literature data. We
focus on risks arising from offshore wind energy production combined with offshore mussel farming. Additionally, risks arising from seaweed culture and using
fish cages are also presented here because information on technical aspects of
offshore structures, available in current literature, is scarce and often does not
discriminate between the different types of aquaculture. Mechanical risks are
described in some more detail in Janssen and van der Putten (2013).
Chapter 3 deals specifically with corrosion aspects and biofouling of offshore
structures, Chap. 4 deals with mechanical risks of wind farms in the presence of
offshore aquaculture, in this chapter elaborates the two technical risk scenarios, and
Chap. 6 finishes with conclusions and recommendations.
116
J. Klijnstra et al.
drag forces from currents or waves. To ensure an optimal lifetime and lower
operational costs maintenance aspects of materials for both offshore wind and
aquaculture constructions should be taken into account already in the design phase
of combined infrastructure.
5.1 Introduction
For the successful operation of a wind farm and the successful combination of a
wind farm with aquaculture, it is essential that the expected lifetime of the constructions used is acceptable. The expected lifetime of an offshore structure is to a
great extent determined by the risk of failures. These failures can be the result of
many different problems.
This chapter focuses on two technical risks, typically associated with a combination of wind farming and aquaculture: damage mechanisms of corrosion and
bio-fouling, and damage risks of mechanical loads. More precisely, a major technical risk of a combined wind-mussel farm is that of a drifting aquaculture construction that strikes a wind turbine foundation. We carry out a preliminary
qualitative assessment of two scenarios related to this risk: (1) Can a striking
aquaculture construction cause a significant damage to the foundation? (2) If a
drifting aquaculture construction gets stuck around a turbine foundation and thus
increases its surface area, can the foundation handle the extra (drag) forces
involved?
There are additional risks, which are not dealt with in this report. The risk of
collision with ships is also there, and it may even be slightly elevated, but in terms
of possible damage it does not substantially differ from the single-use situation
(wind farm). Impacts of foreign (drifting) objects are also not taken into account.
The findings presented in the following sections are based on literature data. We
focus on risks arising from offshore wind energy production combined with offshore mussel farming. Additionally, risks arising from seaweed culture and using
fish cages are also presented here because information on technical aspects of
offshore structures, available in current literature, is scarce and often does not
discriminate between the different types of aquaculture. Mechanical risks are
described in some more detail in Janssen and van der Putten (2013).
Chapter 3 deals specifically with corrosion aspects and biofouling of offshore
structures, Chap. 4 deals with mechanical risks of wind farms in the presence of
offshore aquaculture, in this chapter elaborates the two technical risk scenarios, and
Chap. 6 finishes with conclusions and recommendations.
116
J. Klijnstra et al.