have shown that the North Sea is a good habitat for mussels (Lagerveld et al. 2014,
Sect. 3.2.2 and references therein). Promising locations for a 1000 MW wind farm
in the North Sea seem to be Borssele, IImuiden-Ver and Schiermonnikoog.
The model is based on average parameter settings, but can be tuned for specific
locations.
The backbone of the AMC model used for our case, is a system model, called
AMICO (Stavenuiter 2002), that is capable of modelling the physical system over
the lifecycle, including a logistic process model per year period.
The AMC Blauwdruk model (Lagerveld et al. 2014) is based on these concepts,
simulating and calculating the cost/performance parameters per year period. Within
this model the following adjustments are possible per (sub-) system:
1. total installed capacity
2. installed capacity per cluster
3. number of clusters
4. number of (critical) installations per system
5. initial realization investment
6. interest rate
7. inflation rate
8. farm yield coefficient
9. baseline ROI discount factor (average interest (%) on investment over the
years)
10. O&M cost as % CAPEX
11. starting sales prices (in MWh for wind and kg for mussels)
12. sales price increasing rate (if calculations are ‘fixed’)
13. mussel farming cycles (1–4 year).
In this study, two O&M plans were developed: the Base O&M plan and the
related retrofit and overhaul plan, which can be budgeted by a multiply factor,
called the retrofit and overhaul factor. Settings that can be entered in the LCA
model by the control panel, are:
• mussel farming and wind synergy factor active? (y/n)
• fixed calculations (y/n). If yes, no uncertainty simulations will be executed
• multiyear maintenance (MYM) period (1–10 year)
• aquaculture and wind synergy factor, expressed as % of the wind farm O&M
cost.
In addition, several simulation parameters are included which may vary over the
years and can be adjusted by the trend diagram parameters:
• wind power sales price developments
• mussel sales price developments
• operational excellence factor (simulates windfalls and setbacks in business)
4 Operation and Maintenance Costs of Offshore Wind Farms …
109
Sect. 3.2.2 and references therein). Promising locations for a 1000 MW wind farm
in the North Sea seem to be Borssele, IImuiden-Ver and Schiermonnikoog.
The model is based on average parameter settings, but can be tuned for specific
locations.
The backbone of the AMC model used for our case, is a system model, called
AMICO (Stavenuiter 2002), that is capable of modelling the physical system over
the lifecycle, including a logistic process model per year period.
The AMC Blauwdruk model (Lagerveld et al. 2014) is based on these concepts,
simulating and calculating the cost/performance parameters per year period. Within
this model the following adjustments are possible per (sub-) system:
1. total installed capacity
2. installed capacity per cluster
3. number of clusters
4. number of (critical) installations per system
5. initial realization investment
6. interest rate
7. inflation rate
8. farm yield coefficient
9. baseline ROI discount factor (average interest (%) on investment over the
years)
10. O&M cost as % CAPEX
11. starting sales prices (in MWh for wind and kg for mussels)
12. sales price increasing rate (if calculations are ‘fixed’)
13. mussel farming cycles (1–4 year).
In this study, two O&M plans were developed: the Base O&M plan and the
related retrofit and overhaul plan, which can be budgeted by a multiply factor,
called the retrofit and overhaul factor. Settings that can be entered in the LCA
model by the control panel, are:
• mussel farming and wind synergy factor active? (y/n)
• fixed calculations (y/n). If yes, no uncertainty simulations will be executed
• multiyear maintenance (MYM) period (1–10 year)
• aquaculture and wind synergy factor, expressed as % of the wind farm O&M
cost.
In addition, several simulation parameters are included which may vary over the
years and can be adjusted by the trend diagram parameters:
• wind power sales price developments
• mussel sales price developments
• operational excellence factor (simulates windfalls and setbacks in business)
4 Operation and Maintenance Costs of Offshore Wind Farms …
109