104
5 Life Cycle Assessment of Chemical Products and Processes
Nordic Ecolabel (2020) Life cycle perspective. URL https://www.nordic-ecolabel.org/whychoose-ecolabelling/life-cycle/
NREL (2012) U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database. URL https://www.nrel.gov/lci/
Pizzol M, Laurent A, Sala S, Weidema B, Verones F, Koffler C (2017) Normalisation and weighting
in life cycle assessment: quo vadis? The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
22(6):853–866, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-016-1199-1, URL http://link.springer.com/10.
1007/s11367-016-1199-1
RIVM (2017) ReCiPe 2016 v1.1. Tech. rep., URL www.rivm.nl/en
Rosenbaum RK, Bachmann TM, Gold LS, Huijbregts MAJ, Jolliet O, Juraske R, Koehler A, Larsen
HF, MacLeod M, Margni M, McKone TE, Payet J, Schuhmacher M, van de Meent D, Hauschild
MZ (2008) USEtox–the UNEP-SETAC toxicity model: recommended characterisation factors
for human toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity in life cycle impact assessment. The International
Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 13(7):532–546, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-008-0038-4,
URL http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11367-008-0038-4
Sleeswijk AW, van Oers LF, Guinée JB, Struijs J, Huijbregts MA (2008) Normalisation in product
life cycle assessment: An LCA of the global and European economic systems in the year 2000.
Science of The Total Environment 390(1):227–240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.
040, URL https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969707010522
Swarr TE, Hunkeler D, Klöpffer W, Pesonen HL, Ciroth A, Brent AC, Pagan R (2011a) Environmental life-cycle costing: a code of practice. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
16(5):389–391, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-011-0287-5, URL http://link.springer.com/10.
1007/s11367-011-0287-5
Swarr TE, Hunkeler D, Klopffer W, Pesonen HL, Ciroth A, Brent AC, Pagan R (eds) (2011b)
Environmental Life Cycle Costing: A Code of Practice. Society of Environmental Toxicology
and Chemistry, URL https://www.setac.org/store/ViewProduct.aspx?id=1033860
Traverso M, Bell L, Saling P, Fontes J (2018) Towards social life cycle assessment: a quantitative product social impact assessment. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
23(3):597–606, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-016-1168-8, URL http://link.springer.com/10.
1007/s11367-016-1168-8
Trenberth KE, Fasullo JT, Kiehl J (2009) Earth’s Global Energy Budget. Bulletin of the American
Meteorological Society 90(3):311–324, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008BAMS2634.1, URL http://
journals.ametsoc.org/doi/10.1175/2008BAMS2634.1
UNEP (2009) Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products. URL https://www.
lifecycleinitiative.org/starting-life-cycle-thinking/life-cycle-approaches/social-lca/
UNEP (2016) Global Guidance for Life Cycle Impact Assessment Indicators Volume 1. Tech. rep.,
URL https://www.lifecycleinitiative.org/training-resources/global-guidance-lcia-indicators-v1/
UNEP (2019a) Global Guidance for Life Cycle Impact Assessment Indicators Volume
2. Tech. rep., URL https://www.lifecycleinitiative.org/training-resources/global-guidance-forlife-cycle-impact-assessment-indicators-volume-2/
UNEP (2019b) Interactive map of LCA databases. URL https://www.lifecycleinitiative.org/
applying-lca/lca-databases-map/
UNEP (2020) Life Cycle Initiative. URL https://www.lifecycleinitiative.org/
Verones F, Bare J, Bulle C, Frischknecht R, Hauschild M, Hellweg S, Henderson A, Jolliet
O, Laurent A, Liao X, Lindner JP, Maia de Souza D, Michelsen O, Patouillard L, Pfister
S, Posthuma L, Prado V, Ridoutt B, Rosenbaum RK, Sala S, Ugaya C, Vieira M, Fantke P
(2017) LCIA framework and cross-cutting issues guidance within the UNEP-SETAC Life Cycle
Initiative. Journal of Cleaner Production 161:957–967, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.
05.206, URL https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652617311587
Verones F, Huijbregts MA, Azevedo LB, Chaudhary A, Cosme N, de Baan L, Fantke P, Hauschild
M, Henderson AD, Jolliet O, Mutel CL, Owsianiak M, Pfister S, Preiss P, Roy PO, Scherer L,
Steinmann Z, Van Zelm R, Van Dingenen R, van Goethem T, Vieira M, Hellweg S (2019) LCIMPACT Version 1.0: A spatially differentiated life cycle impact assessment approach. Tech.
rep., https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663305, URL https://zenodo.org/record/3663305
5 Life Cycle Assessment of Chemical Products and Processes
Nordic Ecolabel (2020) Life cycle perspective. URL https://www.nordic-ecolabel.org/whychoose-ecolabelling/life-cycle/
NREL (2012) U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database. URL https://www.nrel.gov/lci/
Pizzol M, Laurent A, Sala S, Weidema B, Verones F, Koffler C (2017) Normalisation and weighting
in life cycle assessment: quo vadis? The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
22(6):853–866, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-016-1199-1, URL http://link.springer.com/10.
1007/s11367-016-1199-1
RIVM (2017) ReCiPe 2016 v1.1. Tech. rep., URL www.rivm.nl/en
Rosenbaum RK, Bachmann TM, Gold LS, Huijbregts MAJ, Jolliet O, Juraske R, Koehler A, Larsen
HF, MacLeod M, Margni M, McKone TE, Payet J, Schuhmacher M, van de Meent D, Hauschild
MZ (2008) USEtox–the UNEP-SETAC toxicity model: recommended characterisation factors
for human toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity in life cycle impact assessment. The International
Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 13(7):532–546, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-008-0038-4,
URL http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11367-008-0038-4
Sleeswijk AW, van Oers LF, Guinée JB, Struijs J, Huijbregts MA (2008) Normalisation in product
life cycle assessment: An LCA of the global and European economic systems in the year 2000.
Science of The Total Environment 390(1):227–240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.
040, URL https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969707010522
Swarr TE, Hunkeler D, Klöpffer W, Pesonen HL, Ciroth A, Brent AC, Pagan R (2011a) Environmental life-cycle costing: a code of practice. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
16(5):389–391, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-011-0287-5, URL http://link.springer.com/10.
1007/s11367-011-0287-5
Swarr TE, Hunkeler D, Klopffer W, Pesonen HL, Ciroth A, Brent AC, Pagan R (eds) (2011b)
Environmental Life Cycle Costing: A Code of Practice. Society of Environmental Toxicology
and Chemistry, URL https://www.setac.org/store/ViewProduct.aspx?id=1033860
Traverso M, Bell L, Saling P, Fontes J (2018) Towards social life cycle assessment: a quantitative product social impact assessment. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
23(3):597–606, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-016-1168-8, URL http://link.springer.com/10.
1007/s11367-016-1168-8
Trenberth KE, Fasullo JT, Kiehl J (2009) Earth’s Global Energy Budget. Bulletin of the American
Meteorological Society 90(3):311–324, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008BAMS2634.1, URL http://
journals.ametsoc.org/doi/10.1175/2008BAMS2634.1
UNEP (2009) Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products. URL https://www.
lifecycleinitiative.org/starting-life-cycle-thinking/life-cycle-approaches/social-lca/
UNEP (2016) Global Guidance for Life Cycle Impact Assessment Indicators Volume 1. Tech. rep.,
URL https://www.lifecycleinitiative.org/training-resources/global-guidance-lcia-indicators-v1/
UNEP (2019a) Global Guidance for Life Cycle Impact Assessment Indicators Volume
2. Tech. rep., URL https://www.lifecycleinitiative.org/training-resources/global-guidance-forlife-cycle-impact-assessment-indicators-volume-2/
UNEP (2019b) Interactive map of LCA databases. URL https://www.lifecycleinitiative.org/
applying-lca/lca-databases-map/
UNEP (2020) Life Cycle Initiative. URL https://www.lifecycleinitiative.org/
Verones F, Bare J, Bulle C, Frischknecht R, Hauschild M, Hellweg S, Henderson A, Jolliet
O, Laurent A, Liao X, Lindner JP, Maia de Souza D, Michelsen O, Patouillard L, Pfister
S, Posthuma L, Prado V, Ridoutt B, Rosenbaum RK, Sala S, Ugaya C, Vieira M, Fantke P
(2017) LCIA framework and cross-cutting issues guidance within the UNEP-SETAC Life Cycle
Initiative. Journal of Cleaner Production 161:957–967, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.
05.206, URL https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652617311587
Verones F, Huijbregts MA, Azevedo LB, Chaudhary A, Cosme N, de Baan L, Fantke P, Hauschild
M, Henderson AD, Jolliet O, Mutel CL, Owsianiak M, Pfister S, Preiss P, Roy PO, Scherer L,
Steinmann Z, Van Zelm R, Van Dingenen R, van Goethem T, Vieira M, Hellweg S (2019) LCIMPACT Version 1.0: A spatially differentiated life cycle impact assessment approach. Tech.
rep., https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663305, URL https://zenodo.org/record/3663305