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a segregated network. Compos Sci Technol 132:31–37
8. Srinivasan P, Sarmah AK, Smernik R, Das O, Farid M, Gao W (2015) A feasibility study of
agricultural and sewage biomass as biochar, bioenergy and biocomposite feedstock: production,
characterization and potential applications. Sci Total Environ 512:495–5053
9. Mousa M, Dong Y (2017) Strong poly (vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/bamboo charcoal (BC) nanocomposite films with particle size effect. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 6(1):467–479
10. Das O, Sarmah AK, Bhattacharyya D (2015) A novel approach in organic waste utilization
through biochar addition in wood/polypropylene composites. Waste Manage 38:132–140
11. She B, Tao X, Huang T, Lu G, Zhou Z, Guo C, Dang Z (2016) Effects of nano bamboo charcoal
on PAHs-degrading strain Sphingomonas sp. GY2B. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 125:35–42
12. Wang XJ, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu M, Xia SQ, Yin DQ, Zhang YL, Zhao JF (2011) Microwaveassisted preparation of bamboo charcoal-based iron-containing adsorbents for Cr (VI) removal.
Chem Eng J 174(1):326–332
13. Pirzada T, Arvidson SA, Saquing CD, Shah SS, Khan SA (2012) Hybrid silica–PVA nanofibers
via sol–gel electrospinning. Langmuir 28(13):5834–5844
14. Yang X, Li L, Shang S, Tao XM (2010) Synthesis and characterization of layer-aligned poly
(vinyl alcohol)/graphene nanocomposites. Polymer 51(15):3431–3435
15. Niu YF, Yang Y, Gao S, Yao JW (2016) Mechanical mapping of the interphase in carbon fiber
reinforced poly (ether-ether-ketone) composites using peak force atomic force microscopy:
interphase shrinkage under coupled ultraviolet and hydro-thermal exposure. Polym Testing
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Mochida T, Otsuki J, Alam MS (2016) Structural, mechanical, and electrical properties of
carbon nanoparticles synthesized from diesel. Fuller Nanotub Car N 24(1):43–51
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ACS Nano 4(11):6557–6564
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19. Putz KW, Compton OC, Palmeri MJ, Nguyen ST, Brinson LC (2010) High-nanofiller-content
graphene oxide–polymer nanocomposites via vacuum-assisted self-assembly. Adv Funct Mater
20(19):3322–3329
20. Chang Y, Yang ST, Liu JH, Dong E, Wang Y, Cao A, Liu Y, Wang H (2011) In vitro toxicity
evaluation of graphene oxide on A549 cells. Toxicol Lett 200(3):201–210
21. Mousa MH, Dong Y, Davies IJ (2016) Recent advances in bionanocomposites: preparation,
properties, and applications. Int J Polym Mater Polym Biomater 65(5):225–254
22. Fu D, Zhang Y, Lv F, Chu PK, Shang J (2012) Removal of organic materials from TNT red
water by bamboo charcoal adsorption. Chem Eng J 193:39–49
23. Lorenzon M, Evangelio L, Verhaeghe S, Nicolet C, Navarro C, Pérez-Murano F (2015)
Assessing the local nanomechanical properties of self-assembled block copolymer thin films
by peak force tapping. Langmuir 31(42):11630–11638
24. Li S, Li X, Deng Q, Li D (2015) Three kinds of charcoal powder reinforced ultra-high molecular
weight polyethylene composites with excellent mechanical and electrical properties. Mater Des
85:54–59
25. Yang E, Yao C, Liu Y, Zhang C, Jia L, Li D, Fu Z, Sun D, Kirk SR, Yin D (2018) Bambooderived porous biochar for efficient adsorption removal of dibenzothiophene from model fuel.
Fuel 211:121–129
26. Lu L, Sun H, Peng F, Jiang Z (2006) Novel graphite-filled PVA/CS hybrid membrane for
pervaporation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures. J Membrane Sci 281(1–2):245–252
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bionanocomposites. Ph.D. thesis, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
79
7. Li S, Li X, Chen C, Wang H, Deng Q, Gong M, Li D (2016) Development of electrically
conductive nano bamboo charcoal/ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composites with
a segregated network. Compos Sci Technol 132:31–37
8. Srinivasan P, Sarmah AK, Smernik R, Das O, Farid M, Gao W (2015) A feasibility study of
agricultural and sewage biomass as biochar, bioenergy and biocomposite feedstock: production,
characterization and potential applications. Sci Total Environ 512:495–5053
9. Mousa M, Dong Y (2017) Strong poly (vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/bamboo charcoal (BC) nanocomposite films with particle size effect. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 6(1):467–479
10. Das O, Sarmah AK, Bhattacharyya D (2015) A novel approach in organic waste utilization
through biochar addition in wood/polypropylene composites. Waste Manage 38:132–140
11. She B, Tao X, Huang T, Lu G, Zhou Z, Guo C, Dang Z (2016) Effects of nano bamboo charcoal
on PAHs-degrading strain Sphingomonas sp. GY2B. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 125:35–42
12. Wang XJ, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu M, Xia SQ, Yin DQ, Zhang YL, Zhao JF (2011) Microwaveassisted preparation of bamboo charcoal-based iron-containing adsorbents for Cr (VI) removal.
Chem Eng J 174(1):326–332
13. Pirzada T, Arvidson SA, Saquing CD, Shah SS, Khan SA (2012) Hybrid silica–PVA nanofibers
via sol–gel electrospinning. Langmuir 28(13):5834–5844
14. Yang X, Li L, Shang S, Tao XM (2010) Synthesis and characterization of layer-aligned poly
(vinyl alcohol)/graphene nanocomposites. Polymer 51(15):3431–3435
15. Niu YF, Yang Y, Gao S, Yao JW (2016) Mechanical mapping of the interphase in carbon fiber
reinforced poly (ether-ether-ketone) composites using peak force atomic force microscopy:
interphase shrinkage under coupled ultraviolet and hydro-thermal exposure. Polym Testing
55:257–260
16. Hossain MA, Islam S, Chowdhury FA, Mohiuddin TG, Uchida K, Tamura T, Sugawa K,
Mochida T, Otsuki J, Alam MS (2016) Structural, mechanical, and electrical properties of
carbon nanoparticles synthesized from diesel. Fuller Nanotub Car N 24(1):43–51
17. Suk JW, Piner RD, An J, Ruoff RS (2010) Mechanical properties of monolayer graphene oxide.
ACS Nano 4(11):6557–6564
18. Demczyk BG, Wang YM, Cumings J, Hetman M, Han W, Zettl A, Ritchie RO (2002) Direct
mechanical measurement of the tensile strength and elastic modulus of multiwalled carbon
nanotubes. Mater Sci Eng, A 334(1–2):173–178
19. Putz KW, Compton OC, Palmeri MJ, Nguyen ST, Brinson LC (2010) High-nanofiller-content
graphene oxide–polymer nanocomposites via vacuum-assisted self-assembly. Adv Funct Mater
20(19):3322–3329
20. Chang Y, Yang ST, Liu JH, Dong E, Wang Y, Cao A, Liu Y, Wang H (2011) In vitro toxicity
evaluation of graphene oxide on A549 cells. Toxicol Lett 200(3):201–210
21. Mousa MH, Dong Y, Davies IJ (2016) Recent advances in bionanocomposites: preparation,
properties, and applications. Int J Polym Mater Polym Biomater 65(5):225–254
22. Fu D, Zhang Y, Lv F, Chu PK, Shang J (2012) Removal of organic materials from TNT red
water by bamboo charcoal adsorption. Chem Eng J 193:39–49
23. Lorenzon M, Evangelio L, Verhaeghe S, Nicolet C, Navarro C, Pérez-Murano F (2015)
Assessing the local nanomechanical properties of self-assembled block copolymer thin films
by peak force tapping. Langmuir 31(42):11630–11638
24. Li S, Li X, Deng Q, Li D (2015) Three kinds of charcoal powder reinforced ultra-high molecular
weight polyethylene composites with excellent mechanical and electrical properties. Mater Des
85:54–59
25. Yang E, Yao C, Liu Y, Zhang C, Jia L, Li D, Fu Z, Sun D, Kirk SR, Yin D (2018) Bambooderived porous biochar for efficient adsorption removal of dibenzothiophene from model fuel.
Fuel 211:121–129
26. Lu L, Sun H, Peng F, Jiang Z (2006) Novel graphite-filled PVA/CS hybrid membrane for
pervaporation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures. J Membrane Sci 281(1–2):245–252
27. Mousa MH (2018) Experimental characterisation and modelling of sustainable multiscaled
bionanocomposites. Ph.D. thesis, Curtin University, Perth, Australia