3.2 BC Particle Characterisation
59
Fig. 3.1 AFM characterisation of individual BC particles: 2D mapping images of NBCs a, c as
well as MBCs b, d at different magnifications deposited on steel substrates in aqueous solutions. e,
f are height profiles of NBCs and MBCs, respectively [9]
modulus of carbon nanoparticles at 43.89 GPa [16]. However, the elastic modulus of
BCs determined in this study is still much lower than those of graphene oxides (GOs)
between 200 and 250 GPa [17] and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) at 0.9
TPa [18]. However, GO sheets can have very limited use with a higher tendency
to form agglomerates [19], as well as their detrimental effect on human cells, as
evidenced by decreasing A549 cell viability at high GO content levels [20]. On the
59
Fig. 3.1 AFM characterisation of individual BC particles: 2D mapping images of NBCs a, c as
well as MBCs b, d at different magnifications deposited on steel substrates in aqueous solutions. e,
f are height profiles of NBCs and MBCs, respectively [9]
modulus of carbon nanoparticles at 43.89 GPa [16]. However, the elastic modulus of
BCs determined in this study is still much lower than those of graphene oxides (GOs)
between 200 and 250 GPa [17] and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) at 0.9
TPa [18]. However, GO sheets can have very limited use with a higher tendency
to form agglomerates [19], as well as their detrimental effect on human cells, as
evidenced by decreasing A549 cell viability at high GO content levels [20]. On the