Appendix: Interphase Dimension Measurement Via AFM
177
Fig. A11 Relationship between surface area of outer interface (SA outer interface ) and interphase
length (L Interphase ) for PVA/Cloisite 30B clay phases in PVA/Cloisite 30B clay bionanocomposites
[2]
e
1 , f
1 , e
2 , f
2 , e
3 , f
3 and e
4 , f
4 are constants determined using curving fitting.
For instance, the constants of e
1 and f
1 were calculated to be 0.4015 and 0.4116,
respectively, with R
2
= ~0.96, as shown in Fig. A12.
• At the last step, V Interphase was calculated for fully or partially embedded Cloisite
30B clays in PVA/ Cloisite 30B clay bionanocomposites based on Fig. 5.1c, d in
Chap. 5, which is given by
(V Interphase ) f = V Cloisite 30B/Interphase − V Cloisite 30B
(A40)
V Interphase
p
= V Cloisite 30B/Interphase-effective − V Cloisite 30B-effective
(A41)