4.5 Topographic Surface Morphology and Surface Roughness
91
Rq= 4.54 0.18 nm
(c)
= 1.9 ± 0.17 nm
(a)
Rq= 2.4±0.13
nm
(b)
Rq=13.1±0.23 nm
Rq= 2.1±0.11 nm
(h)
(d)
Rq=4.54±0.18 nm
(c)
Rq=2.04±0.12 nm
(e)
Rq=2.84±0.18 nm
(f)
Rq=6.05±0.23 nm
(g)
(i)
Rq= 2.5±0.16 nm
Rq
Rq= 4.1±0.19 nm
(j)
Fig. 4.4
3D height mapping images of a
PVA and PVA bionanocomposites reinforced with b
3 wt% HNTs, c
5 wt% HNTs, d
10 wt% HNTs, e
3 wt% Cloisite
30B clays, f
5 wt% Cloisite 30B clays, g
10 wt% Cloisite 30B clays, h
3 wt% NBCs, i
5 wt% NBCs and j
10 wt% NBCs [12]