6 High-Frequency Variability in Neutron-Star Low-Mass X-ray Binaries
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Fig. 6.17 Top (a): rms spectrum of the single kHz QPO in EXO 0748−676 (originally published
as Figure 4 in [57]), and the lower and upper kHz QPOs in 4U 1608−52 [24, 110]. Bottom (b): rms
(red) and covariance (black) spectrum of the upper kHz QPO in six sources (originally published
as Figure 5 in [157])
QPOs depend upon QPO frequency, and therefore one has to consider that to draw
conclusions from the comparisons). For instance, for 4U 1608−52 the amplitude
of the upper kHz QPO increases from ∼2–4% at ∼3 keV to ∼20% at ∼20 keV
[24, 110]. On the other hand, there is no evidence that the frequency or the width of
either of the kHz QPOs change with energy [121].
Figure 6.18 shows the rms spectrum of the lower and the upper kHz QPO
plotted in different colours for different QPO frequencies. For both kHz QPOs the
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