3 Magnetars: A Short Review and Some Sparse Considerations
135
111. K. Hurley, T. Cline, E. Mazets, S. Barthelmy, P. Butterworth, F. Marshall, D. Palmer,
R. Aptekar, S. Golenetskii, V. Il’Inskii, D. Frederiks, J. McTiernan, R. Gold, J. Trombka,
A giant periodic flare from the soft gamma-ray repeater SGR 1900+14. Nature 397, 41–43
(1999)
112. K. Hurley, S.E. Boggs, D.M. Smith, R.C. Duncan, R. Lin, A. Zoglauer, S. Krucker,
G. Hurford, H. Hudson, C. Wigger, W. Hajdas, C. Thompson, I. Mitrofanov, A. Sanin,
W. Boynton, C. Fellows, A. von Kienlin, G. Lichti, A. Rau, T. Cline, An exceptionally bright
flare from SGR 1806-20 and the origins of short-duration γ -ray bursts. Nature 434, 1098–
1103 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03519
113. U.S. Inan, N.G. Lehtinen, S.J. Lev-Tov, M.P. Johnson, T.F. Bell, K. Hurley, Ionization of
the lower ionosphere by γ -rays from a magnetar: detection of a low energy (3–10 keV)
component. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 3357–3360 (1999)
114. U.S. Inan, N.G. Lehtinen, R.C. Moore, K. Hurley, S. Boggs, D.M. Smith, G.J. Fishman, Massive disturbance of the daytime lower ionosphere by the giant γ -ray flare from magnetar SGR
1806-20. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, L08103 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL029145
115. G. Israel, S. Dall’Osso, Bursts and flares from highly magnetic pulsars, in Proceedings of
the First Session of the Sant Cugat Forum on Astrophysics High-Energy Emission from
Pulsars and Their Systems, ed. by D.F. Torres, N. Rea. Astrophysics and Space Science
Proceedings (Springer, Heidelberg, 2011), pp. 279–298. ISBN 978-3-642-17250-2. https://
doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17251-9_23.
116. G. Israel, L. Stella, S. Covino, S. Campana, L. Angelini, R. Mignani, S. Mereghetti,
G. Marconi, R. Perna, Unveiling the multi-wavelength phenomenology of anomalous X-ray
pulsars, in Young Neutron Stars and Their Environments, IAU Symposium no. 218, ed. by
F. Camilo, B.M. Gaensler (Astronomical Society of the Pacific, San Francisco, 2004), p. 247
117. G.L. Israel, T. Belloni, L. Stella, Y. Rephaeli, D.E. Gruber, P. Casella, S. Dall’Osso, N. Rea,
M. Persic, R.E. Rothschild, The discovery of rapid X-ray oscillations in the tail of the SGR
1806-20 hyperflare. Astrophys. J. Lett. 628, L53–L56 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1086/432615
118. G.L. Israel, D. Götz, S. Zane, S. Dall’Osso, N. Rea, L. Stella, Linking the X-ray timing and
spectral properties of the glitching AXP 1RXS J170849-400910. Astron. Astrophys. 476,
L9–L12 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20078215
119. G.L. Israel, P. Romano, V. Mangano, S. Dall’Osso, G. Chincarini, L. Stella, S. Campana,
T. Belloni, G. Tagliaferri, A.J. Blustin, T. Sakamoto, K. Hurley, S. Zane, A. Moretti,
D. Palmer, C. Guidorzi, D.N. Burrows, N. Gehrels, H.A. Krimm, A swift gaze into the 2006
March 29 burst forest of SGR 1900+14. Astrophys. J. 685, 1114–1128 (2008). https://doi.org/
10.1086/590486
120. G.L. Israel, P. Esposito, N. Rea, S. Dall’Osso, F. Senziani, P. Romano, V. Mangano, D. Götz,
S. Zane, A. Tiengo, D.M. Palmer, H. Krimm, N. Gehrels, S. Mereghetti, L. Stella, R. Turolla,
S. Campana, R. Perna, L. Angelini, A. De Luca, The 2008 October swift detection of X-ray
bursts/outburst from the transient SGR-like AXP 1E1547.0-5408. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron.
Soc. 408, 1387–1395 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17001.x
121. G.L. Israel, A. Belfiore, L. Stella, P. Esposito, P. Casella, A. De Luca, M. Marelli, A. Papitto,
M. Perri, S. Puccetti, G.A.R. Castillo, D. Salvetti, A. Tiengo, L. Zampieri, D. D’Agostino,
J. Greiner, F. Haberl, G. Novara, R. Salvaterra, R. Turolla, M. Watson, J. Wilms, A. Wolter,
An accreting pulsar with extreme properties drives an ultraluminous x-ray source in NGC
5907. Science 355, 817–819 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aai8635
122. G.L. Israel, A. Papitto, P. Esposito, L. Stella, L. Zampieri, A. Belfiore, G.A. Rodríguez
Castillo, A. De Luca, A. Tiengo, F. Haberl, J. Greiner, R. Salvaterra, S. Sandrelli, G. Lisini,
Discovery of a 0.42-s pulsar in the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 7793 P13. Mon. Not.
Roy. Astron. Soc. 466, L48–L52 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slw218.
123. P. Kaaret, H. Feng, T.P. Roberts, Ultraluminous X-ray sources. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.
55, 303–341 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-091916-055259
124. V.M. Kaspi, Grand unification of neutron stars. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107, 7147–7152 (2010).
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000812107
135
111. K. Hurley, T. Cline, E. Mazets, S. Barthelmy, P. Butterworth, F. Marshall, D. Palmer,
R. Aptekar, S. Golenetskii, V. Il’Inskii, D. Frederiks, J. McTiernan, R. Gold, J. Trombka,
A giant periodic flare from the soft gamma-ray repeater SGR 1900+14. Nature 397, 41–43
(1999)
112. K. Hurley, S.E. Boggs, D.M. Smith, R.C. Duncan, R. Lin, A. Zoglauer, S. Krucker,
G. Hurford, H. Hudson, C. Wigger, W. Hajdas, C. Thompson, I. Mitrofanov, A. Sanin,
W. Boynton, C. Fellows, A. von Kienlin, G. Lichti, A. Rau, T. Cline, An exceptionally bright
flare from SGR 1806-20 and the origins of short-duration γ -ray bursts. Nature 434, 1098–
1103 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03519
113. U.S. Inan, N.G. Lehtinen, S.J. Lev-Tov, M.P. Johnson, T.F. Bell, K. Hurley, Ionization of
the lower ionosphere by γ -rays from a magnetar: detection of a low energy (3–10 keV)
component. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 3357–3360 (1999)
114. U.S. Inan, N.G. Lehtinen, R.C. Moore, K. Hurley, S. Boggs, D.M. Smith, G.J. Fishman, Massive disturbance of the daytime lower ionosphere by the giant γ -ray flare from magnetar SGR
1806-20. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, L08103 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL029145
115. G. Israel, S. Dall’Osso, Bursts and flares from highly magnetic pulsars, in Proceedings of
the First Session of the Sant Cugat Forum on Astrophysics High-Energy Emission from
Pulsars and Their Systems, ed. by D.F. Torres, N. Rea. Astrophysics and Space Science
Proceedings (Springer, Heidelberg, 2011), pp. 279–298. ISBN 978-3-642-17250-2. https://
doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17251-9_23.
116. G. Israel, L. Stella, S. Covino, S. Campana, L. Angelini, R. Mignani, S. Mereghetti,
G. Marconi, R. Perna, Unveiling the multi-wavelength phenomenology of anomalous X-ray
pulsars, in Young Neutron Stars and Their Environments, IAU Symposium no. 218, ed. by
F. Camilo, B.M. Gaensler (Astronomical Society of the Pacific, San Francisco, 2004), p. 247
117. G.L. Israel, T. Belloni, L. Stella, Y. Rephaeli, D.E. Gruber, P. Casella, S. Dall’Osso, N. Rea,
M. Persic, R.E. Rothschild, The discovery of rapid X-ray oscillations in the tail of the SGR
1806-20 hyperflare. Astrophys. J. Lett. 628, L53–L56 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1086/432615
118. G.L. Israel, D. Götz, S. Zane, S. Dall’Osso, N. Rea, L. Stella, Linking the X-ray timing and
spectral properties of the glitching AXP 1RXS J170849-400910. Astron. Astrophys. 476,
L9–L12 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20078215
119. G.L. Israel, P. Romano, V. Mangano, S. Dall’Osso, G. Chincarini, L. Stella, S. Campana,
T. Belloni, G. Tagliaferri, A.J. Blustin, T. Sakamoto, K. Hurley, S. Zane, A. Moretti,
D. Palmer, C. Guidorzi, D.N. Burrows, N. Gehrels, H.A. Krimm, A swift gaze into the 2006
March 29 burst forest of SGR 1900+14. Astrophys. J. 685, 1114–1128 (2008). https://doi.org/
10.1086/590486
120. G.L. Israel, P. Esposito, N. Rea, S. Dall’Osso, F. Senziani, P. Romano, V. Mangano, D. Götz,
S. Zane, A. Tiengo, D.M. Palmer, H. Krimm, N. Gehrels, S. Mereghetti, L. Stella, R. Turolla,
S. Campana, R. Perna, L. Angelini, A. De Luca, The 2008 October swift detection of X-ray
bursts/outburst from the transient SGR-like AXP 1E1547.0-5408. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron.
Soc. 408, 1387–1395 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17001.x
121. G.L. Israel, A. Belfiore, L. Stella, P. Esposito, P. Casella, A. De Luca, M. Marelli, A. Papitto,
M. Perri, S. Puccetti, G.A.R. Castillo, D. Salvetti, A. Tiengo, L. Zampieri, D. D’Agostino,
J. Greiner, F. Haberl, G. Novara, R. Salvaterra, R. Turolla, M. Watson, J. Wilms, A. Wolter,
An accreting pulsar with extreme properties drives an ultraluminous x-ray source in NGC
5907. Science 355, 817–819 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aai8635
122. G.L. Israel, A. Papitto, P. Esposito, L. Stella, L. Zampieri, A. Belfiore, G.A. Rodríguez
Castillo, A. De Luca, A. Tiengo, F. Haberl, J. Greiner, R. Salvaterra, S. Sandrelli, G. Lisini,
Discovery of a 0.42-s pulsar in the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 7793 P13. Mon. Not.
Roy. Astron. Soc. 466, L48–L52 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slw218.
123. P. Kaaret, H. Feng, T.P. Roberts, Ultraluminous X-ray sources. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys.
55, 303–341 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-091916-055259
124. V.M. Kaspi, Grand unification of neutron stars. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107, 7147–7152 (2010).
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000812107