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M. Hong
LB
X
FG
R
LA
Zwitterion
n M
LA
M
X
FG
R
LA
R
X
FG
LB
n
LB
LA
FLP (active)
LB
LA
CLA (dormant)
LB
LA
ILP (active)
O
x
O
LA
LB
OLA
LB
x
O
OLA
LB
x
O
n+1
X
FG
R
LA
LB
Initiation
Propagation
Initiation
Zwitterion
n M
LA
M
Propagation
a
b
O
O
MMA
O
O
MMBL
4-VP
N
O
O
O
O
O
O
VBMA
VMA
AMA
O
O
O
O
O
n Bu
O
O
t Bu
N
O
FMA
n BuMA
t BuMA
DMAA
COOMe
MS
O
O
PDL
O
O
O
O
CL
VL
S
O
O
O
O
S
L-LA
c
d
NH
O
O
O
R
NCA
O
O
MBL
Scheme 8.1 An equilibrium between CLAs, ILPs, and FLPs (a); A generic chain initiation step
to generate the zwitterionic active species and subsequent propagation steps to produce polymer
products in LPP of polar vinyl monomers (b) and in LP-mediated ROP of cyclic esters (c); A list
of selected monomers investigated in the previous LPPs (d)
construct LP catalysts without time-consuming multistep syntheses which are typically required for delicate organometallic catalysts in classic coordination polymerization [21–23]. (3) The ability to stabilize the propagating active species which can
enable the polymerization to proceed in a controlled/living manner by suppressing
chain transfer and termination side reactions.