Chapter 7
Heterogeneous Catalysis by Frustrated
Lewis Pairs
Andrew R. Jupp
Abstract Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), featuring reactive Lewis acid and Lewis
base sites that can cooperatively activate small molecules, have been exploited in
a wide range of homogeneous catalytic reactions since their inception in 2006.
However, it is only recently that the tenets of FLP chemistry have been used to develop
heterogeneous catalysts, which are advantageous due to their ease of separation from
reaction mixtures and the recyclability of the catalyst. This chapter outlines the many
different approaches that research groups around the world have taken to synthesise
and utilise semi-immobilised or fully immobilised (solid-state) FLP catalysts. This
includes supporting the Lewis acid and/or base components on or within a whole host
of different materials, including silica, zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs),
polyoxometalate clusters, metal oxides, graphene and hexagonal boron nitride.
Keywords Heterogeneous catalysis · Frustrated lewis pairs · Solid-state · MOFs ·
Surfaces
Abbreviations
AIBN
Azabisisobutyronitrile
atm.
Atmosphere(s)
ATR
Attenuated total reflectance
BDC
Benzenedicarboxylate
BPDC
4,4
-biphenyldicarboxylate
COD
1,5-cyclooctadiene
CP
Cross polarisation
CQD
Carbon quantum dot
A. R. Jupp (B)
School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
e-mail: a.jupp@bham.ac.uk
Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090
GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
J. Chris Slootweg and A. R. Jupp (eds.), Frustrated Lewis Pairs,
Molecular Catalysis 2, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58888-5_7
237
Heterogeneous Catalysis by Frustrated
Lewis Pairs
Andrew R. Jupp
Abstract Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), featuring reactive Lewis acid and Lewis
base sites that can cooperatively activate small molecules, have been exploited in
a wide range of homogeneous catalytic reactions since their inception in 2006.
However, it is only recently that the tenets of FLP chemistry have been used to develop
heterogeneous catalysts, which are advantageous due to their ease of separation from
reaction mixtures and the recyclability of the catalyst. This chapter outlines the many
different approaches that research groups around the world have taken to synthesise
and utilise semi-immobilised or fully immobilised (solid-state) FLP catalysts. This
includes supporting the Lewis acid and/or base components on or within a whole host
of different materials, including silica, zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs),
polyoxometalate clusters, metal oxides, graphene and hexagonal boron nitride.
Keywords Heterogeneous catalysis · Frustrated lewis pairs · Solid-state · MOFs ·
Surfaces
Abbreviations
AIBN
Azabisisobutyronitrile
atm.
Atmosphere(s)
ATR
Attenuated total reflectance
BDC
Benzenedicarboxylate
BPDC
4,4
-biphenyldicarboxylate
COD
1,5-cyclooctadiene
CP
Cross polarisation
CQD
Carbon quantum dot
A. R. Jupp (B)
School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
e-mail: a.jupp@bham.ac.uk
Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090
GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
J. Chris Slootweg and A. R. Jupp (eds.), Frustrated Lewis Pairs,
Molecular Catalysis 2, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58888-5_7
237