4 Catalyst Materials for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
151
Table 4.3
ORR activity comparison of NCNTs catalyst reported in literature
Method
Precursor of N
Nitrogen
content (at.%)
Electrolyte
Peak potential
(vs. Ag / AgCl)
n
e
References
In situ synthesis
pyrolyzing iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc)
4–6
0.1 M KOH
0.02,
3.9
[334]
Melamine
20
0.1 M KOH
−0.1,
2.6
[315]
melamine
8.4
0.1 M KOH
−0.1
3.7
[316]
Poly(2-methyl-1-vinylimdazole)
∼8
0.5 M H
2 SO
4
−0.05
3.8
[346]
Acetonitrile
1.37
0.1 M KOH
−0.085
−
[317]
sodium
4-[4
-(dimethylamino)phenyldiazo]phenylsulfonate
5.2
0.1 M KOH
−0.021
3.92
[318]
Pyridine
3–6
0.1 M H
2 SO
4
−0.1
2.7−3
[319]
Post-treatment
Ammonia
2.9–6
0.1 M NaOH
0.05
−
[342]
Polyaniline
7.6–3.3
0.4 M HCl
−
−
[320]
Urea
5
0.1 M KOH
−0.05
3−3.5
[321]
Polyaniline
0.56
0.1 M KOH
−0.03
3.74
[332]