67. Diani J, Fayolle B, Gilormini PA (2009) A review on the Mullins effect. Eur Polym J
45:601–612
68. Qi HJ, Boyce MC (2005) StressÀstrain behavior of thermoplastic polyurethanes. Mech Mater
37:817–839
69. Tang J, Chen X, Pei Y, Fang D (2016) Pseudoelasticity and nonideal Mullins effect of
nanocomposite hydrogels. J Appl Mech 83:111010
70. Tang Z, Chen F, Chen Q, Zhu L, Yan X, Chen H, Ren B, Yang J, Qin G, Zheng J (2017) The
energy dissipation and Mullins effect of tough polymer/graphene oxide hybrid nanocomposite
hydrogels. Polym Chem 8:4659–4672
71. Wang Q, Gao Z (2016) A constitutive model of nanocomposite hydrogels with nanoparticle
crosslinkers. J Mech Phys Solids 94:127–147
72. Yang JA, Hwang BW, Hoffman AS, Hahn SK (2014) In situ-forming injectable hydrogels for
regenerative medicine. Prog Polym Sci 39:1973–1986
73. Peppas NA, Hilt JZ, Khademhosseini A, Langer R (2006) Hydrogels in biology and medicine:
from molecular principles to bionanotechnology. Adv Mater 18:1345–1360
74. Annabi N, Nichol JW, Zhong X, Ji C, Koshy S, Khademhosseini A, Dehghani F (2010)
Controlling the porosity and microarchitecture of hydrogels for tissue engineering. Tissue Eng
B 16:371–383
75. de Lima GG, Lyons S, Devine DM, Nugent MJD (2018) Electrospinning of hydrogels for
biomedical applications. In: Hydrogels. Springer, Berlin, pp 219–258
76. Koombhongse S, Liu WX, Reneker DH (2001) Flat polymer ribbons and other shapes by
electrospinning. J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 39:2598–2606
77. Heydarkhan-Hagvall S, Schenke-Layland K, Dhanasopon AP, Rofail F, Smith H, Wu BM,
Shemin R, Beygui RE, MacLellan WR (2008) Three-dimensional electrospun ECM-based
hybrid scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Biomaterials 29:2907–2914
78. Nakajima T, Furukawa H, Tanaka Y, Kurokawa T, Osada Y, Gong JP (2009) True chemical
structure of double network hydrogels. Macromolecules 42:2184–2189
79. Tanaka Y, Kuwabara R, Na YH, Kurokawa T, Gong JP (2005) Determination of fracture
energy of high strength double network hydrogels. J Phys Chem B 109:11559–11562
80. Ferreira L, Vidal MM, Gil MH (2001) Design of a drug-delivery system based on polyacrylamide hydrogels. Evaluation of structural properties. Chem Educ 6:100–103
81. Chirani N, Yahia L, Gritsch L, Motta FL, Chirani S, Fare S (2015) History and applications of
hydrogels. J Biomed Sci 4:13
82. Zhu J, Marchant RE (2011) Design properties of hydrogel tissue-engineering scaffolds. Expert
Rev Med Devices 8:607–626
83. Mooney DJ, Li J (2016) Designing hydrogels for controlled drug delivery. Nat Rev Mater
1:1–38
84. Controlled release drug delivery market analysis report by technology (implants, transdermal,
microencapsulation, targeted delivery), by release mechanism, by application, and segment
forecasts, 2018–2025. Grand View Research, San Francisco
85. Ashton P (2015) Huge therapeutic advances: bigger drug delivery opportunities. Opthamalic
Drug Deliv Ondrug Deliv 54:4–6
86. Rupenthal I (2015) Ocular drug delivery technologies: exciting times ahead. Ondrug Deliv
54:4–6
87. Xu J, Xue Y, Hu G, Lin T, Gou J, Yin T, He H, Zhang Y, Tang X (2018) A comprehensive
review on contact lens for ophthalmic drug delivery. J Control Release 281:97–118
88. Weiss RA, Seery TAP (1998) Novel contact lens materials. Wesley Jessen Corp, Des Plaines
89. Yu H, Grainger DWJ (1995) Modified release of hydrophilic, hydrophobic and peptide agents
from ionized amphiphilic gel networks. J Control Release 34:117–127
90. Gilbard JP (2000) Dry eye disorders. In: Albert DM, Jacobiec FA (eds) Principles and practice
of ophthalmology-clinical practice, vol 3. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 982–1001
91. Korsmeyerr RW, Gurny R, Doelker E, Buri P, Peppas NA (1983) Mechanisms of solute
release from porous hydrophilic polymers. Int J Pharm 15:25–35
208
B. D. Vogt and R. A. Weiss
45:601–612
68. Qi HJ, Boyce MC (2005) StressÀstrain behavior of thermoplastic polyurethanes. Mech Mater
37:817–839
69. Tang J, Chen X, Pei Y, Fang D (2016) Pseudoelasticity and nonideal Mullins effect of
nanocomposite hydrogels. J Appl Mech 83:111010
70. Tang Z, Chen F, Chen Q, Zhu L, Yan X, Chen H, Ren B, Yang J, Qin G, Zheng J (2017) The
energy dissipation and Mullins effect of tough polymer/graphene oxide hybrid nanocomposite
hydrogels. Polym Chem 8:4659–4672
71. Wang Q, Gao Z (2016) A constitutive model of nanocomposite hydrogels with nanoparticle
crosslinkers. J Mech Phys Solids 94:127–147
72. Yang JA, Hwang BW, Hoffman AS, Hahn SK (2014) In situ-forming injectable hydrogels for
regenerative medicine. Prog Polym Sci 39:1973–1986
73. Peppas NA, Hilt JZ, Khademhosseini A, Langer R (2006) Hydrogels in biology and medicine:
from molecular principles to bionanotechnology. Adv Mater 18:1345–1360
74. Annabi N, Nichol JW, Zhong X, Ji C, Koshy S, Khademhosseini A, Dehghani F (2010)
Controlling the porosity and microarchitecture of hydrogels for tissue engineering. Tissue Eng
B 16:371–383
75. de Lima GG, Lyons S, Devine DM, Nugent MJD (2018) Electrospinning of hydrogels for
biomedical applications. In: Hydrogels. Springer, Berlin, pp 219–258
76. Koombhongse S, Liu WX, Reneker DH (2001) Flat polymer ribbons and other shapes by
electrospinning. J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 39:2598–2606
77. Heydarkhan-Hagvall S, Schenke-Layland K, Dhanasopon AP, Rofail F, Smith H, Wu BM,
Shemin R, Beygui RE, MacLellan WR (2008) Three-dimensional electrospun ECM-based
hybrid scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Biomaterials 29:2907–2914
78. Nakajima T, Furukawa H, Tanaka Y, Kurokawa T, Osada Y, Gong JP (2009) True chemical
structure of double network hydrogels. Macromolecules 42:2184–2189
79. Tanaka Y, Kuwabara R, Na YH, Kurokawa T, Gong JP (2005) Determination of fracture
energy of high strength double network hydrogels. J Phys Chem B 109:11559–11562
80. Ferreira L, Vidal MM, Gil MH (2001) Design of a drug-delivery system based on polyacrylamide hydrogels. Evaluation of structural properties. Chem Educ 6:100–103
81. Chirani N, Yahia L, Gritsch L, Motta FL, Chirani S, Fare S (2015) History and applications of
hydrogels. J Biomed Sci 4:13
82. Zhu J, Marchant RE (2011) Design properties of hydrogel tissue-engineering scaffolds. Expert
Rev Med Devices 8:607–626
83. Mooney DJ, Li J (2016) Designing hydrogels for controlled drug delivery. Nat Rev Mater
1:1–38
84. Controlled release drug delivery market analysis report by technology (implants, transdermal,
microencapsulation, targeted delivery), by release mechanism, by application, and segment
forecasts, 2018–2025. Grand View Research, San Francisco
85. Ashton P (2015) Huge therapeutic advances: bigger drug delivery opportunities. Opthamalic
Drug Deliv Ondrug Deliv 54:4–6
86. Rupenthal I (2015) Ocular drug delivery technologies: exciting times ahead. Ondrug Deliv
54:4–6
87. Xu J, Xue Y, Hu G, Lin T, Gou J, Yin T, He H, Zhang Y, Tang X (2018) A comprehensive
review on contact lens for ophthalmic drug delivery. J Control Release 281:97–118
88. Weiss RA, Seery TAP (1998) Novel contact lens materials. Wesley Jessen Corp, Des Plaines
89. Yu H, Grainger DWJ (1995) Modified release of hydrophilic, hydrophobic and peptide agents
from ionized amphiphilic gel networks. J Control Release 34:117–127
90. Gilbard JP (2000) Dry eye disorders. In: Albert DM, Jacobiec FA (eds) Principles and practice
of ophthalmology-clinical practice, vol 3. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 982–1001
91. Korsmeyerr RW, Gurny R, Doelker E, Buri P, Peppas NA (1983) Mechanisms of solute
release from porous hydrophilic polymers. Int J Pharm 15:25–35
208
B. D. Vogt and R. A. Weiss