Editors
Jutta Escher
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Livermore, CA, USA
Lee A. Bernstein
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Berkeley, CA, USA
Carla Fr¨ ohlich
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, NC, USA
Walid Younes
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Livermore, CA, USA
Yoram Alhassid
Department of Physics
Yale University
New Haven, CT, USA
David Brown
National Nuclear Data Center
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Upton, NY, USA
Patrick Talou
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos, NM, USA
ISSN 0930-8989
ISSN 1867-4941 (electronic)
Springer Proceedings in Physics
ISBN 978-3-030-58081-0
ISBN 978-3-030-58082-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58082-7
© This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright
protection may apply 2021
All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction
on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval,
electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or
hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or
the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any
errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Jutta Escher
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Livermore, CA, USA
Lee A. Bernstein
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Berkeley, CA, USA
Carla Fr¨ ohlich
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, NC, USA
Walid Younes
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Livermore, CA, USA
Yoram Alhassid
Department of Physics
Yale University
New Haven, CT, USA
David Brown
National Nuclear Data Center
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Upton, NY, USA
Patrick Talou
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos, NM, USA
ISSN 0930-8989
ISSN 1867-4941 (electronic)
Springer Proceedings in Physics
ISBN 978-3-030-58081-0
ISBN 978-3-030-58082-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58082-7
© This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright
protection may apply 2021
All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction
on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval,
electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or
hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or
the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any
errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland