Chapter 2
Dynamic Modelling of Reactive Fluidized
Bed Systems Using the Example
of the Chemical Looping Combustion
Process for Solid Fuels
Lennard Lindmüller, Johannes Haus, Ernst-Ulrich Hartge,
and Stefan Heinrich
Abstract The novel open-source flowsheet simulation software DYSSOL was used
to simulate effects inside a system of interconnected fluidized bed reactors. The
development of the needed models was done exemplary for the Chemical Looping
Combustion process for solid and gaseous fuels. In CLC a solid oxygen carrier material is circulated between interconnected fluidized bed reactors. In the simulation, the
focus is laid on the prediction of the dynamics of the whole system, especially the
process start-up, shut-down and fuel load change. A dynamic model, which can be
applied for bubbling beds and circulating fluidized beds was derived. Additionally,
a cyclone was introduced for gas-solid separation. Loop seals ensure gas sealing
between the reactors and were included into the modeling. Fluid mechanics inside
the systems are modeled with empirical and semi-empirical, one-dimensional correlations, to enable fast calculations. These considerations allow real-time simulations
of long-term effects in the system. The chemical reactions for gaseous and solid fuel
combustions are included in the simulation. This has an effect on the solid oxygen
carrier and so the oxidation and reduction of the carrier are regarded. The simulations were validated with experiments on a 25 kWth Chemical Looping Combustion
facility at TUHH. The flowsheet models are able to predict the movement of the
bed material between the units after operation changes as well as the time frames in
which these changes occur. Besides, the gas and solids conversions in the fluidized
bed reactors were simulated accurately.
L. Lindmüller · J. Haus · E.-U. Hartge (Deceased) · S. Heinrich (B)
Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle Technology,
Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
e-mail: stefan.heinrich@tuhh.de
L. Lindmüller
e-mail: lennard.lindmueller@tuhh.de
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
S. Heinrich (ed.), Dynamic Flowsheet Simulation of Solids Processes,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45168-4_2
37
Dynamic Modelling of Reactive Fluidized
Bed Systems Using the Example
of the Chemical Looping Combustion
Process for Solid Fuels
Lennard Lindmüller, Johannes Haus, Ernst-Ulrich Hartge,
and Stefan Heinrich
Abstract The novel open-source flowsheet simulation software DYSSOL was used
to simulate effects inside a system of interconnected fluidized bed reactors. The
development of the needed models was done exemplary for the Chemical Looping
Combustion process for solid and gaseous fuels. In CLC a solid oxygen carrier material is circulated between interconnected fluidized bed reactors. In the simulation, the
focus is laid on the prediction of the dynamics of the whole system, especially the
process start-up, shut-down and fuel load change. A dynamic model, which can be
applied for bubbling beds and circulating fluidized beds was derived. Additionally,
a cyclone was introduced for gas-solid separation. Loop seals ensure gas sealing
between the reactors and were included into the modeling. Fluid mechanics inside
the systems are modeled with empirical and semi-empirical, one-dimensional correlations, to enable fast calculations. These considerations allow real-time simulations
of long-term effects in the system. The chemical reactions for gaseous and solid fuel
combustions are included in the simulation. This has an effect on the solid oxygen
carrier and so the oxidation and reduction of the carrier are regarded. The simulations were validated with experiments on a 25 kWth Chemical Looping Combustion
facility at TUHH. The flowsheet models are able to predict the movement of the
bed material between the units after operation changes as well as the time frames in
which these changes occur. Besides, the gas and solids conversions in the fluidized
bed reactors were simulated accurately.
L. Lindmüller · J. Haus · E.-U. Hartge (Deceased) · S. Heinrich (B)
Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle Technology,
Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
e-mail: stefan.heinrich@tuhh.de
L. Lindmüller
e-mail: lennard.lindmueller@tuhh.de
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
S. Heinrich (ed.), Dynamic Flowsheet Simulation of Solids Processes,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45168-4_2
37