Appendix
Nucleation Rate Data
In this appendix, we compile the nucleation rate data determined by an HP-ALTA for
(1) 90 mol% methane—10 mol% propane (C1/C3) mixed gas hydrate (an analogue
of natural gas hydrate), (2) methane hydrate, and (3) carbon dioxide hydrate in
quiescent water. As detailed in Chap. 2, these nucleation rate data can be considered
to represent the upper bound at each subcooling. The “real” nucleation rate is most
likely lower and unlikely to be higher than the data shown here.
For completeness, we list for each system, (1) experimentally determined nucleation rate without normalization (Hz), (2) experimentally determined nucleation rate
normalized to the unit length of the three-phase line where the guest gas, the solid
wall and the aqueous phase meet (Hz m
−1 ), (3) experimentally determined nucleation
rate normalized to the unit guest gas–aqueous interfacial area (Hz m
−2 ), (4) experimentally determined nucleation rate normalized to the unit volume of the aqueous
phase (Hz m
−3 ), where applicable. To avoid confusion between milli- and meter, we
here use 10
−3 Hz in the place of mHz and 10
3 Hz in the place of kHz, etc. To convert
the experimentally determined nucleation rate normalized to the unit length of the
three-phase line to interfacial area, the data need to be multiplied by an appropriate
measure of the thickness of the sufficiently supersaturated zone such as an effective
diffusive length of the guest gas.
Here we only list the nucleation rates determined from the experiment that used
the slowest experimental cooling rate. Unfortunately, the whole field of nucleation
rate of gas hydrate systems is still under development at the time of this writing and
it cannot be said that optimum cooling rates were used for the collection of these
nucleation data. Since each measurement was highly time consuming they have not
yet been reproduced using optimum cooling rates that are yet to be determined.
Nevertheless, given the utter lack of relevant data in the literature, these upper bound
data should still provide useful clues.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
N. Maeda, Nucleation of Gas Hydrates,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51874-5
149
Nucleation Rate Data
In this appendix, we compile the nucleation rate data determined by an HP-ALTA for
(1) 90 mol% methane—10 mol% propane (C1/C3) mixed gas hydrate (an analogue
of natural gas hydrate), (2) methane hydrate, and (3) carbon dioxide hydrate in
quiescent water. As detailed in Chap. 2, these nucleation rate data can be considered
to represent the upper bound at each subcooling. The “real” nucleation rate is most
likely lower and unlikely to be higher than the data shown here.
For completeness, we list for each system, (1) experimentally determined nucleation rate without normalization (Hz), (2) experimentally determined nucleation rate
normalized to the unit length of the three-phase line where the guest gas, the solid
wall and the aqueous phase meet (Hz m
−1 ), (3) experimentally determined nucleation
rate normalized to the unit guest gas–aqueous interfacial area (Hz m
−2 ), (4) experimentally determined nucleation rate normalized to the unit volume of the aqueous
phase (Hz m
−3 ), where applicable. To avoid confusion between milli- and meter, we
here use 10
−3 Hz in the place of mHz and 10
3 Hz in the place of kHz, etc. To convert
the experimentally determined nucleation rate normalized to the unit length of the
three-phase line to interfacial area, the data need to be multiplied by an appropriate
measure of the thickness of the sufficiently supersaturated zone such as an effective
diffusive length of the guest gas.
Here we only list the nucleation rates determined from the experiment that used
the slowest experimental cooling rate. Unfortunately, the whole field of nucleation
rate of gas hydrate systems is still under development at the time of this writing and
it cannot be said that optimum cooling rates were used for the collection of these
nucleation data. Since each measurement was highly time consuming they have not
yet been reproduced using optimum cooling rates that are yet to be determined.
Nevertheless, given the utter lack of relevant data in the literature, these upper bound
data should still provide useful clues.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
N. Maeda, Nucleation of Gas Hydrates,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51874-5
149