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C. Mani et al.
of saving the cost, reducing the weight, increase in device efficiency and so on.
Welding of dissimilar metals maximizes the advantages that each metal produces
while limiting their disadvantages [1]. Dissimilar metal welding has been broadly
utilized in the industries of oil and gas, power generation, nuclear energy, military
defence, shipbuilding, medical, electronics, automotive and aerospace because of
phenomenal qualities, for example, flexibility, shorter cycle time and low distortion.
The practical scenario by cyclic loading, material will result in fatigue failure at load
below yield strength in low cycle failure and ultimate strength for high cycle failure.
Crack initiation is caused by imperfections in materials, and if the crack reaches a
critical size, it will propagate into failure [2].
Study by Giovanni Meneghettia et al. (2019) has experimentally studied on the
fatigue properties of dissimilar welds in low carbon steel/ductile iron which recommends that the arc-welded joints are having homogenous joint and partake better
fatigue performances [3]. Four-point bending loading and axial loading are used
for testing fully penetrated and partially penetrated butt-welded joints. 10–30 Hz
frequency and 0.05–0.5 R ratio have been used for the study. 97.7% probability of
survival at 2 million cycles has been used for comparison of experimental results
according to Eurocode3. The fatigue performance was found to be better than the
international standards suggested for steel welded joints. Hafiz Waqar Ahmada
et al. (2020) investigated the Nickel 617/12 Cr steel welded joints with and without
buttering technique on 12 Cr steel side. 10 Hz frequency and 0.1 R ratio were used
for ambient condition as well as corrosive environment in 3.5% Na cl. Buttering has
helped in reducing crack growth rate in ambient condition. However, in corrosive
environment, it has not caused any improvement [4]. Wen-Ke Wang et al. (2020)
examined high cycle fatigue behaviours on dissimilar metal welded of CrMoV and
NiCrMoV using buttering technique. Buttering using TIG and SAW welding are
used for the welding which is followed by PWHT. The HCF tests were conducted
at 120 Hz with stress ratio of −1. Specimens were made in base metal, weld zone
and HAZ. Basquin’s equation has been used for fitting the experimental results. Both
HAZ revealed finer microstructures having but lower fatigue curve than base metals.
The fusion interface area of CrMoV base metal showed the weakest zone in dissimilar joint, Also the behavioural mechanism of carbides in fatigue failure model was
also studied and effect of microcracks specially appear around the coarse carbides
in the crack tip plastic zone [5].
Yi-Bo Shang has analysed the fatigue crack propagation behaviour of different
regions weld A508/316 L weld joints and inferred fatigue failure is originated in the
weld region of material. Columnar grain direction affects the trans granular failure
in the weld region and in the interface the resistance to crack propagation is observed
due to the presence of mixed martensite region. The presence of coarse martensite
promotes trans granular fracture [6]. K. Kuwabara analysed dissimilar metals welding
of austenitic stainless steel 304 with Inconel 82, SS 308L, 309L and 308MoL using
TIG and MIG welding at low cycle loading. Non uniformity in strain hardening
caused by plastic deformation reduces the fatigue strength and crack propagation
resistance of welded joints is on par with the base metals considering the effect of
residual stresses on closing and opening of cracks [7].
C. Mani et al.
of saving the cost, reducing the weight, increase in device efficiency and so on.
Welding of dissimilar metals maximizes the advantages that each metal produces
while limiting their disadvantages [1]. Dissimilar metal welding has been broadly
utilized in the industries of oil and gas, power generation, nuclear energy, military
defence, shipbuilding, medical, electronics, automotive and aerospace because of
phenomenal qualities, for example, flexibility, shorter cycle time and low distortion.
The practical scenario by cyclic loading, material will result in fatigue failure at load
below yield strength in low cycle failure and ultimate strength for high cycle failure.
Crack initiation is caused by imperfections in materials, and if the crack reaches a
critical size, it will propagate into failure [2].
Study by Giovanni Meneghettia et al. (2019) has experimentally studied on the
fatigue properties of dissimilar welds in low carbon steel/ductile iron which recommends that the arc-welded joints are having homogenous joint and partake better
fatigue performances [3]. Four-point bending loading and axial loading are used
for testing fully penetrated and partially penetrated butt-welded joints. 10–30 Hz
frequency and 0.05–0.5 R ratio have been used for the study. 97.7% probability of
survival at 2 million cycles has been used for comparison of experimental results
according to Eurocode3. The fatigue performance was found to be better than the
international standards suggested for steel welded joints. Hafiz Waqar Ahmada
et al. (2020) investigated the Nickel 617/12 Cr steel welded joints with and without
buttering technique on 12 Cr steel side. 10 Hz frequency and 0.1 R ratio were used
for ambient condition as well as corrosive environment in 3.5% Na cl. Buttering has
helped in reducing crack growth rate in ambient condition. However, in corrosive
environment, it has not caused any improvement [4]. Wen-Ke Wang et al. (2020)
examined high cycle fatigue behaviours on dissimilar metal welded of CrMoV and
NiCrMoV using buttering technique. Buttering using TIG and SAW welding are
used for the welding which is followed by PWHT. The HCF tests were conducted
at 120 Hz with stress ratio of −1. Specimens were made in base metal, weld zone
and HAZ. Basquin’s equation has been used for fitting the experimental results. Both
HAZ revealed finer microstructures having but lower fatigue curve than base metals.
The fusion interface area of CrMoV base metal showed the weakest zone in dissimilar joint, Also the behavioural mechanism of carbides in fatigue failure model was
also studied and effect of microcracks specially appear around the coarse carbides
in the crack tip plastic zone [5].
Yi-Bo Shang has analysed the fatigue crack propagation behaviour of different
regions weld A508/316 L weld joints and inferred fatigue failure is originated in the
weld region of material. Columnar grain direction affects the trans granular failure
in the weld region and in the interface the resistance to crack propagation is observed
due to the presence of mixed martensite region. The presence of coarse martensite
promotes trans granular fracture [6]. K. Kuwabara analysed dissimilar metals welding
of austenitic stainless steel 304 with Inconel 82, SS 308L, 309L and 308MoL using
TIG and MIG welding at low cycle loading. Non uniformity in strain hardening
caused by plastic deformation reduces the fatigue strength and crack propagation
resistance of welded joints is on par with the base metals considering the effect of
residual stresses on closing and opening of cracks [7].