6 Microstructure and Texture in Welding: A Case Study on Friction Stir Welding
227
41. Jain R, Pal SK, Singh SB (2019) Investigation on effect of pin shapes on temperature, material
flow and forces during friction stir welding: a simulation study. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part B J
Eng Manuf 233:1980–1992. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954405418805615
42. Mahto RP, Kumar R, Pal SK (2020) Characterizations of weld defects, intermetallic compounds
and mechanical properties of friction stir lap welded dissimilar alloys. Mater Charact
160:110115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2019.110115
43. Iqbal MP, Tripathi A, Jain R et al (2020) Numerical modelling of microstructure in friction
stir welding of aluminium alloys. Int J Mech Sci 185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.
105882
44. Miller VM, Johnson AE, Torbet CJ, Pollock TM (2016) Recrystallization and the development
of abnormally large grains after small strain deformation in a polycrystalline nickel-based
superalloy. Metall Mater Trans a Phys Metall Mater Sci 47:1566–1574. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s11661-016-3329-6
45. Nadammal N, Kailas SV, Szpunar J, Suwas S (2015) Restoration mechanisms during the
friction stir processing of aluminum alloys. Metall Mater Trans a 46:2823–2828. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11661-015-2902-8
46. Trautt ZT, Mishin Y (2012) Grain boundary migration and grain rotation studied by molecular
dynamics. Acta Mater 60:2407–2424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.01.008
47. Halfpenny A, Prior DJ, Wheeler J (2006) Analysis of dynamic recrystallization and nucleation
in a quartzite mylonite. Tectonophysics 427:3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.05.016
48. Gutierrez Castaneda EJ, Hernandez Miranda MG, Salinas Rodriguez A et al (2019) An
EBSD investigation on the columnar grain growth in non-oriented electrical steels assisted
by strain induced boundary migration. Mater Lett 252:42–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.
2019.05.073
49. Humphreys MH (2004) Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena, 2nd edn. Elsevier,
Oxford
50. Huda Z (2020) Recrystallization and grain growth. In: Metallurgy for physicists and engineers.
CRC Press, pp 311–320
51. Knipling KE, Fonda RW (2009) Texture development in the stir zone of near- a titanium friction
stir welds. Scr Mater 60:1097–1100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.02.050
52. Iqbal MP, Jain R, Pal SK (2019) Numerical and experimental study on friction stir welding
of aluminum alloy pipe. J Mater Process Technol 274:116258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatpr
otec.2019.116258
53. Weertman JR (1993) Hall-Petch strengthening in nanocrystalline metals. Mater Sci Eng a
166:161–167
54. Armstrong RW (1987) The (cleavage) strength of pre-cracked polycrystals. Eng Fract Mech
28:529–538
55. Yang G, Park S (2019) Deformation of single crystals, polycrystalline materials, and thin films:
a review. Mater Rev MDPI 12:1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12122003
56. Fujita H, Tabata T (1973) The effect of grain size and deformation sub-structure on mechanical
properties of polycrystalline alumunium. Acta Metall 21:355–365
57. Mahto RP, Kumar R, Pal SK, Panda SK (2018) A comprehensive study on force, temperature,
mechanical properties and micro-structural characterizations in friction stir lap welding of
dissimilar materials (AA6061-T6 & AISI304). J Manuf Process 31:624–639. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.12.017
58. Hasan SM, Ghosh A, Chakrabarti D, Singh SB (2020) Orientation dependence of deformationinduced martensite transformation during uniaxial tensile deformation of carbide-free Bainitic
steel. Metall Mater Trans a 51:2053–2063. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05694-4
59. Gustafsson M, Thuvander M, Bergqvist E et al (2007) Effect of welding procedure on texture
and strength of nickel based weld metal. Sci Technol Weld Join 12:549–555. https://doi.org/
10.1179/174329307X213800
60. Lancaster JF (1999) Metallurgy of welding. Abington Publishing, Woodhead Publishing
Limited, Abington Hall
227
41. Jain R, Pal SK, Singh SB (2019) Investigation on effect of pin shapes on temperature, material
flow and forces during friction stir welding: a simulation study. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part B J
Eng Manuf 233:1980–1992. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954405418805615
42. Mahto RP, Kumar R, Pal SK (2020) Characterizations of weld defects, intermetallic compounds
and mechanical properties of friction stir lap welded dissimilar alloys. Mater Charact
160:110115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2019.110115
43. Iqbal MP, Tripathi A, Jain R et al (2020) Numerical modelling of microstructure in friction
stir welding of aluminium alloys. Int J Mech Sci 185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.
105882
44. Miller VM, Johnson AE, Torbet CJ, Pollock TM (2016) Recrystallization and the development
of abnormally large grains after small strain deformation in a polycrystalline nickel-based
superalloy. Metall Mater Trans a Phys Metall Mater Sci 47:1566–1574. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s11661-016-3329-6
45. Nadammal N, Kailas SV, Szpunar J, Suwas S (2015) Restoration mechanisms during the
friction stir processing of aluminum alloys. Metall Mater Trans a 46:2823–2828. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11661-015-2902-8
46. Trautt ZT, Mishin Y (2012) Grain boundary migration and grain rotation studied by molecular
dynamics. Acta Mater 60:2407–2424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.01.008
47. Halfpenny A, Prior DJ, Wheeler J (2006) Analysis of dynamic recrystallization and nucleation
in a quartzite mylonite. Tectonophysics 427:3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.05.016
48. Gutierrez Castaneda EJ, Hernandez Miranda MG, Salinas Rodriguez A et al (2019) An
EBSD investigation on the columnar grain growth in non-oriented electrical steels assisted
by strain induced boundary migration. Mater Lett 252:42–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.
2019.05.073
49. Humphreys MH (2004) Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena, 2nd edn. Elsevier,
Oxford
50. Huda Z (2020) Recrystallization and grain growth. In: Metallurgy for physicists and engineers.
CRC Press, pp 311–320
51. Knipling KE, Fonda RW (2009) Texture development in the stir zone of near- a titanium friction
stir welds. Scr Mater 60:1097–1100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.02.050
52. Iqbal MP, Jain R, Pal SK (2019) Numerical and experimental study on friction stir welding
of aluminum alloy pipe. J Mater Process Technol 274:116258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatpr
otec.2019.116258
53. Weertman JR (1993) Hall-Petch strengthening in nanocrystalline metals. Mater Sci Eng a
166:161–167
54. Armstrong RW (1987) The (cleavage) strength of pre-cracked polycrystals. Eng Fract Mech
28:529–538
55. Yang G, Park S (2019) Deformation of single crystals, polycrystalline materials, and thin films:
a review. Mater Rev MDPI 12:1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12122003
56. Fujita H, Tabata T (1973) The effect of grain size and deformation sub-structure on mechanical
properties of polycrystalline alumunium. Acta Metall 21:355–365
57. Mahto RP, Kumar R, Pal SK, Panda SK (2018) A comprehensive study on force, temperature,
mechanical properties and micro-structural characterizations in friction stir lap welding of
dissimilar materials (AA6061-T6 & AISI304). J Manuf Process 31:624–639. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.12.017
58. Hasan SM, Ghosh A, Chakrabarti D, Singh SB (2020) Orientation dependence of deformationinduced martensite transformation during uniaxial tensile deformation of carbide-free Bainitic
steel. Metall Mater Trans a 51:2053–2063. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-020-05694-4
59. Gustafsson M, Thuvander M, Bergqvist E et al (2007) Effect of welding procedure on texture
and strength of nickel based weld metal. Sci Technol Weld Join 12:549–555. https://doi.org/
10.1179/174329307X213800
60. Lancaster JF (1999) Metallurgy of welding. Abington Publishing, Woodhead Publishing
Limited, Abington Hall