6 Microstructure and Texture in Welding: A Case Study on Friction Stir Welding
211
high deformation reduction) leads to the formation of strong Rotated-cube and Brass
textured grains. However, at a medium range of deformation (<50% deformation
reduction), recrystallized textured grains form at the weld.
6.3.2.2 Friction Welding (FW)
It is a solid-state welding process and capable to weld similar and dissimilar materials.
In this technique, at the joint interface, frictional heating and axial pressure help
to establish the metallurgical bond. Heat and pressure modify the grain size and
orientations of microstructures at the weld [35]. Material deformation mechanism
in this process is shear and forging which lead to the formation of shear texture
components such as B {1 1 2} <110> , A{1 1 1} <110> and C{001} <110> in the
weld regions.
6.3.2.3 Explosive Welding (EW)
The EW is a widely adopted solid-state joining technique for high ductile and impact
resistance materials such as aluminium and titanium. High pressure in this technique
produces a significant amount of deformation on the sheets which help to establish
metallurgical bonding. Deformation at a high colliding speed (0.6–3 mm/µs) causes
low heat and severe deformation in the joint interface. This leads to formation of
deformation textured grains in the weld regions. S{123} <634> , Brass{011} <211>
and Copper {112} <111> are the major deformation texture components which are
often obtained in EWed regions [36]. Low heat input in this process prevails the
formation of recrystallized texture grains.
6.4 Case Study for Microstructure and Texture Evolution
in Solid-State Welding of Dissimilar Materials
This case study section begins with an overview of the FSW process, and its
various microstructural zones, followed by experimentally obtained microstructure
and texture results of FSW of two dissimilar materials: AA6061-T6 aluminium alloy
to AISI 304 stainless steel.
211
high deformation reduction) leads to the formation of strong Rotated-cube and Brass
textured grains. However, at a medium range of deformation (<50% deformation
reduction), recrystallized textured grains form at the weld.
6.3.2.2 Friction Welding (FW)
It is a solid-state welding process and capable to weld similar and dissimilar materials.
In this technique, at the joint interface, frictional heating and axial pressure help
to establish the metallurgical bond. Heat and pressure modify the grain size and
orientations of microstructures at the weld [35]. Material deformation mechanism
in this process is shear and forging which lead to the formation of shear texture
components such as B {1 1 2} <110> , A{1 1 1} <110> and C{001} <110> in the
weld regions.
6.3.2.3 Explosive Welding (EW)
The EW is a widely adopted solid-state joining technique for high ductile and impact
resistance materials such as aluminium and titanium. High pressure in this technique
produces a significant amount of deformation on the sheets which help to establish
metallurgical bonding. Deformation at a high colliding speed (0.6–3 mm/µs) causes
low heat and severe deformation in the joint interface. This leads to formation of
deformation textured grains in the weld regions. S{123} <634> , Brass{011} <211>
and Copper {112} <111> are the major deformation texture components which are
often obtained in EWed regions [36]. Low heat input in this process prevails the
formation of recrystallized texture grains.
6.4 Case Study for Microstructure and Texture Evolution
in Solid-State Welding of Dissimilar Materials
This case study section begins with an overview of the FSW process, and its
various microstructural zones, followed by experimentally obtained microstructure
and texture results of FSW of two dissimilar materials: AA6061-T6 aluminium alloy
to AISI 304 stainless steel.