7. F. Wagner, G. Becker, K. Behringer, D. Campbell, A. Eberhagen, W. Engelhardt, G. Fussmann,
O. Gehre, J. Gernhardt, G.V. Gierke, G. Haas, M. Huang, F. Karger, M. Keilhacker, Q. Kluber,
M. Kornherr, K. Lackner, G. Lisitano, G.G. Lister, H.M. Mayer, D. Meisel, E.R. Müller,
H. Murmann, H. Niedermeyer, W. Poschenrieder, H. Rapp, H. Röhr, F. Schneider, G. Siller,
E. Speth, A. Stäbler, K.H. Steuer, G. Venus, O. Vollmer, Z. Yü, Regime of improved
confinement and high beta in neutral-beam-heated divertor discharges of the ASDEX tokamak.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1408–1412 (1982)
8. M. Keilhacker, U. Daybelge, Divertors and impurity control. Nucl. Fusion 21, 1497–1504
(1981)
9. E.R. Müller, K. Behringer, H. Niedermeyer, Radiation losses and global energy balance for
ohmically heated discharges in ASDEX. Nucl. Fusion 22, 1651–1660 (1982)
10. M. Shimada, M. Nagami, K. Ioki, S. Izumi, M. Maeno, H. Yokomizo, K. Shinya, H. Yoshida,
A. Kitsunezaki, Helium ash exhaust with single-null poloidal Divertor in doublet III. Phys. Rev.
Lett. 47, 796–799 (1981)
11. Y. Shimomura, M. Keilhacker, K. Lackner, H. Murmann, Characteristics of the divertor plasma
in neutral-beam-heated ASDEX discharges. Nucl. Fusion 23, 869–879 (1983)
12. G.F. Matthews, Plasma detachment from divertor targets and limiters. J. Nucl. Mater. 220–222,
104–116 (1995)
13. A. Loarte, R.D. Monk, J.R. Marítn-Solís, D.J. Campbell, A.V. Chankin, S. Clement,
S.J. Davies, J. Ehrenberg, S.K. Erents, H.Y. Guo, P.J. Harbour, L.D. Horton, L.C. Ingesson,
H. Jäckel, J. Lingertat, C.G. Lowry, C.F. Maggi, G.F. Matthews, K. Mccormick, D.P. O’brien,
R. Reichle, G. Saibene, R.J. Smith, M.F. Stamp, D. Stork, G.C. Vlases, Plasma detachment in
JET Mark I divertor experiments. Nucl. Fusion 38, 331–371 (1998)
14. ITER Physics Basis, Chapter 4: Power and particle control. Nucl. Fusion 39, 2391–2469 (1999)
15. B. LaBombard, A.Q. Kuang, D. Brunner, I. Faust, R. Mumgaard, M.L. Reinke, J.L. Terry,
J.W. Hughes, J. Walk, M. Chilenski, Y. Lin, E. Marmar, G. Wallace, D. Whyte, S. Wolfe,
S. Wukitch, High-field side scrape-off layer investigation: Plasma profiles and impurity screening behavior in near-double-null configurations. Nucl. Mater. Energy 12, 139–147 (2017)
16. D.D. Ryutov, Geometrical properties of a “snowflake” divertor. Phys. Plasmas 14, 064502
(2007)
17. C. Theiler, B. Lipschultz, J. Harrison, B. Labit, H. Reimerdes, C. Tsui, W.A.J. Vijvers,
J.A. Boedo, B.P. Duval, S. Elmore, P. Innocente, U. Kruezi, T. Lunt, R. Maurizio,
F. Nespoli, U. Sheikh, A.J. Thornton, S.H.M. van Limpt, K. Verhaegh, N. Vianello, the TCV
team and the EUROfusion MST1 team, Results from recent detachment experiments in
alternative divertor configurations on TCV. Nucl. Fusion 57, 072008 (2017)
18. MAST-U Research Plan v4.0, https://ccfe.ukaea.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/MAST-U_
RP_2019_v1.pdf
19. B. La Bombard, E. Marmar, J. Irby, J.L. Terry, R. Vieira, G. Wallace, D.G. Whyte, S. Wolfe,
S. Wukitch, S. Baek, W. Beck, P. Bonoli, D. Brunner, J. Doody, R. Ellis, D. Ernst, C. Fiore,
J.P. Freidberg, T. Golfinopoulos, R. Granetz, M. Greenwald, Z.S. Hartwig, A. Hubbard,
J.W. Hughes, I.H. Hutchinson, C. Kessel, M. Kotschenreuther, R. Leccacorvi, Y. Lin,
B. Lipschultz, S. Mahajan, J. Minervini, R. Mumgaard, R. Nygren, R. Parker, F. Poli,
M. Porkolab, M.L. Reinke, J. Rice, T. Rognlien, W. Rowan, S. Shiraiwa, D. Terry,
C. Theiler, P. Titus, M. Umansky, P. Valanju, J. Walk, A. White, J.R. Wilson, G. Wright,
S.J. Zweben, ADX: A high field, high power density, advanced divertor and RF tokamak. Nucl.
Fusion 55, 053020 (2015)
20. B. Lipschultz, B. LaBombard, J.L. Terry, C. Boswell, I.H. Hutchinson, Divertor physics
research on Alcator C-Mod. Fusion Sci. and Tech. 51, 369–389 (2007)
21. A. Kallenbach, D. Coster, J.C. Fuchs, H.Y. Guo, G. Haas, A. Herrmann, L.D. Horton,
L.C. Ingesson, C.F. Maggi, G.F. Matthews, R.D. Monk, J. Neuhauser, F. Ryter,
J. Schweinzer, J. Stober, W. Suttrop, ASDEX Upgrade Team and JET Team, Closed divertor
operation in ASDEX upgrade and JET. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 41, B177–B189 (1999)
12
1 Edge Plasma Issues in Magnetic Fusion Devices
O. Gehre, J. Gernhardt, G.V. Gierke, G. Haas, M. Huang, F. Karger, M. Keilhacker, Q. Kluber,
M. Kornherr, K. Lackner, G. Lisitano, G.G. Lister, H.M. Mayer, D. Meisel, E.R. Müller,
H. Murmann, H. Niedermeyer, W. Poschenrieder, H. Rapp, H. Röhr, F. Schneider, G. Siller,
E. Speth, A. Stäbler, K.H. Steuer, G. Venus, O. Vollmer, Z. Yü, Regime of improved
confinement and high beta in neutral-beam-heated divertor discharges of the ASDEX tokamak.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1408–1412 (1982)
8. M. Keilhacker, U. Daybelge, Divertors and impurity control. Nucl. Fusion 21, 1497–1504
(1981)
9. E.R. Müller, K. Behringer, H. Niedermeyer, Radiation losses and global energy balance for
ohmically heated discharges in ASDEX. Nucl. Fusion 22, 1651–1660 (1982)
10. M. Shimada, M. Nagami, K. Ioki, S. Izumi, M. Maeno, H. Yokomizo, K. Shinya, H. Yoshida,
A. Kitsunezaki, Helium ash exhaust with single-null poloidal Divertor in doublet III. Phys. Rev.
Lett. 47, 796–799 (1981)
11. Y. Shimomura, M. Keilhacker, K. Lackner, H. Murmann, Characteristics of the divertor plasma
in neutral-beam-heated ASDEX discharges. Nucl. Fusion 23, 869–879 (1983)
12. G.F. Matthews, Plasma detachment from divertor targets and limiters. J. Nucl. Mater. 220–222,
104–116 (1995)
13. A. Loarte, R.D. Monk, J.R. Marítn-Solís, D.J. Campbell, A.V. Chankin, S. Clement,
S.J. Davies, J. Ehrenberg, S.K. Erents, H.Y. Guo, P.J. Harbour, L.D. Horton, L.C. Ingesson,
H. Jäckel, J. Lingertat, C.G. Lowry, C.F. Maggi, G.F. Matthews, K. Mccormick, D.P. O’brien,
R. Reichle, G. Saibene, R.J. Smith, M.F. Stamp, D. Stork, G.C. Vlases, Plasma detachment in
JET Mark I divertor experiments. Nucl. Fusion 38, 331–371 (1998)
14. ITER Physics Basis, Chapter 4: Power and particle control. Nucl. Fusion 39, 2391–2469 (1999)
15. B. LaBombard, A.Q. Kuang, D. Brunner, I. Faust, R. Mumgaard, M.L. Reinke, J.L. Terry,
J.W. Hughes, J. Walk, M. Chilenski, Y. Lin, E. Marmar, G. Wallace, D. Whyte, S. Wolfe,
S. Wukitch, High-field side scrape-off layer investigation: Plasma profiles and impurity screening behavior in near-double-null configurations. Nucl. Mater. Energy 12, 139–147 (2017)
16. D.D. Ryutov, Geometrical properties of a “snowflake” divertor. Phys. Plasmas 14, 064502
(2007)
17. C. Theiler, B. Lipschultz, J. Harrison, B. Labit, H. Reimerdes, C. Tsui, W.A.J. Vijvers,
J.A. Boedo, B.P. Duval, S. Elmore, P. Innocente, U. Kruezi, T. Lunt, R. Maurizio,
F. Nespoli, U. Sheikh, A.J. Thornton, S.H.M. van Limpt, K. Verhaegh, N. Vianello, the TCV
team and the EUROfusion MST1 team, Results from recent detachment experiments in
alternative divertor configurations on TCV. Nucl. Fusion 57, 072008 (2017)
18. MAST-U Research Plan v4.0, https://ccfe.ukaea.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/MAST-U_
RP_2019_v1.pdf
19. B. La Bombard, E. Marmar, J. Irby, J.L. Terry, R. Vieira, G. Wallace, D.G. Whyte, S. Wolfe,
S. Wukitch, S. Baek, W. Beck, P. Bonoli, D. Brunner, J. Doody, R. Ellis, D. Ernst, C. Fiore,
J.P. Freidberg, T. Golfinopoulos, R. Granetz, M. Greenwald, Z.S. Hartwig, A. Hubbard,
J.W. Hughes, I.H. Hutchinson, C. Kessel, M. Kotschenreuther, R. Leccacorvi, Y. Lin,
B. Lipschultz, S. Mahajan, J. Minervini, R. Mumgaard, R. Nygren, R. Parker, F. Poli,
M. Porkolab, M.L. Reinke, J. Rice, T. Rognlien, W. Rowan, S. Shiraiwa, D. Terry,
C. Theiler, P. Titus, M. Umansky, P. Valanju, J. Walk, A. White, J.R. Wilson, G. Wright,
S.J. Zweben, ADX: A high field, high power density, advanced divertor and RF tokamak. Nucl.
Fusion 55, 053020 (2015)
20. B. Lipschultz, B. LaBombard, J.L. Terry, C. Boswell, I.H. Hutchinson, Divertor physics
research on Alcator C-Mod. Fusion Sci. and Tech. 51, 369–389 (2007)
21. A. Kallenbach, D. Coster, J.C. Fuchs, H.Y. Guo, G. Haas, A. Herrmann, L.D. Horton,
L.C. Ingesson, C.F. Maggi, G.F. Matthews, R.D. Monk, J. Neuhauser, F. Ryter,
J. Schweinzer, J. Stober, W. Suttrop, ASDEX Upgrade Team and JET Team, Closed divertor
operation in ASDEX upgrade and JET. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 41, B177–B189 (1999)
12
1 Edge Plasma Issues in Magnetic Fusion Devices