50
3 The Durable Management of Chemicals in the Food Industry …
With the new GHS-based regulation for the classification and labeling of chemicals (UN 2019), the information to be mentioned on the label changes. It contains,
among others, the following elements (SSTI 2013):
(1) The regulatory label of a product. It may contain, in its security part, four
elements, namely:
(1.1) Danger symbols in the form of a danger pictogram. The pictogram
represents each danger of the product
(1.2) The signal word indicating the relative degree of danger, either ‘DANGER’ (for the most dangerous chemicals) or ‘CAUTION’
(1.3) The classification (based on dangers).
1
In addition, the nature of particular risks attributed to hazardous substances and
preparations is characterized (UN 2019) by hazard and precautionary statements.
Hazard statements provide information on physical, health, and environmental hazards. These phrases indicate the severity of the hazards (e.g., moral, toxic, or harmful)
and how they may occur (e.g., by route of exposure: by ingestion, skin contact, and
inhalation). Precautionary statements indicate how to store, handle, dispose of chemicals, and describe first aid measures. These tips are essential for protecting health
and the environment. They specify, among other things, how to use the product to
minimize risks, for example, ventilating the premises or wearing gloves, clothing,
glasses, and protective helmets.
1 In the European Union, the following modus operandi was observed until 2007 (the CLP Regulation
was issued in 2008):
E: Explosives. These substances explode under the effect of a flame or are very sensitive to shocks
and friction, e.g., nitroglycerin
O: Oxidizing substances. Product able to generate fire without oxygen (O 2 ) input, e.g., hydrogen
peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) or potassium nitrate
F+: Extremely flammable compounds. Flash point <0 °C; boiling point <35 °C, e.g., molecular
hydrogen, acetylene
F: Highly flammable compounds. Substances meeting one of the following criteria:
• Spontaneous heating and ignition at room temperature and without energy supply
• Solid, which can ignite by ignition and then continue to burn without ignition
• Liquid, having a flash point <21 °C
• Flammable gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure
• Release of flammable gas with water (e.g., acetone)
Flammable agents (no pictogram), with 21 °C < flash point < 55 °C, with risk phrase ‘R10:
Flammable’
T + : Very toxic compounds. Risk of serious intoxication, even fatal, by inhalation, ingestion or skin
penetration even in very small quantities, e.g., hydrocyanic acid
T: Toxic substance. The same thing for: same as T + but for small quantities, e.g., methanol, ammonia
X n : Harmful compounds. Risk of intoxication by inhalation, in-management, or skin penetration,
e.g., iodine, xylene, tetrachloroethylene
X i : Irritant agents. Risk of inflammatory reaction on contact with the skin, mucous membranes,
e.g., bromobenzene
C: Corrosive substance. Risk of destructive action on living tissue
N: Dangerous substance for the environment. Risk of pollution of the environment.
3 The Durable Management of Chemicals in the Food Industry …
With the new GHS-based regulation for the classification and labeling of chemicals (UN 2019), the information to be mentioned on the label changes. It contains,
among others, the following elements (SSTI 2013):
(1) The regulatory label of a product. It may contain, in its security part, four
elements, namely:
(1.1) Danger symbols in the form of a danger pictogram. The pictogram
represents each danger of the product
(1.2) The signal word indicating the relative degree of danger, either ‘DANGER’ (for the most dangerous chemicals) or ‘CAUTION’
(1.3) The classification (based on dangers).
1
In addition, the nature of particular risks attributed to hazardous substances and
preparations is characterized (UN 2019) by hazard and precautionary statements.
Hazard statements provide information on physical, health, and environmental hazards. These phrases indicate the severity of the hazards (e.g., moral, toxic, or harmful)
and how they may occur (e.g., by route of exposure: by ingestion, skin contact, and
inhalation). Precautionary statements indicate how to store, handle, dispose of chemicals, and describe first aid measures. These tips are essential for protecting health
and the environment. They specify, among other things, how to use the product to
minimize risks, for example, ventilating the premises or wearing gloves, clothing,
glasses, and protective helmets.
1 In the European Union, the following modus operandi was observed until 2007 (the CLP Regulation
was issued in 2008):
E: Explosives. These substances explode under the effect of a flame or are very sensitive to shocks
and friction, e.g., nitroglycerin
O: Oxidizing substances. Product able to generate fire without oxygen (O 2 ) input, e.g., hydrogen
peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) or potassium nitrate
F+: Extremely flammable compounds. Flash point <0 °C; boiling point <35 °C, e.g., molecular
hydrogen, acetylene
F: Highly flammable compounds. Substances meeting one of the following criteria:
• Spontaneous heating and ignition at room temperature and without energy supply
• Solid, which can ignite by ignition and then continue to burn without ignition
• Liquid, having a flash point <21 °C
• Flammable gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure
• Release of flammable gas with water (e.g., acetone)
Flammable agents (no pictogram), with 21 °C < flash point < 55 °C, with risk phrase ‘R10:
Flammable’
T + : Very toxic compounds. Risk of serious intoxication, even fatal, by inhalation, ingestion or skin
penetration even in very small quantities, e.g., hydrocyanic acid
T: Toxic substance. The same thing for: same as T + but for small quantities, e.g., methanol, ammonia
X n : Harmful compounds. Risk of intoxication by inhalation, in-management, or skin penetration,
e.g., iodine, xylene, tetrachloroethylene
X i : Irritant agents. Risk of inflammatory reaction on contact with the skin, mucous membranes,
e.g., bromobenzene
C: Corrosive substance. Risk of destructive action on living tissue
N: Dangerous substance for the environment. Risk of pollution of the environment.