Alberta Ecotrust Environmental
Gathering, Canada 49
Alberta Electric Systems Operator
(AESO) 57
Alberta oil sands, Canada 45–64, 46, 249,
250, 256; carbon emissions cap pathway
50–52, 62; carbon tax 50–52, 55–56;
clean energy mix pathway 55–57, 58,
62; consequential risks 60, 61, 63, 263;
ecosystem protection 53–55, 62–63;
employment impacts 56, 57, 58;
greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions 46,
47, 50–51; implementation risks 58–60,
61, 63, 263; Indigenous peoples 48–49,
52–55, 58, 60, 62–64, 257–258;
influence of political will 254; research
process and methods 48–49; paced oil
sands development and land-use
protection pathway 52–55, 62–63;
pollution 47, 52, 60; public and
stakeholder opinion 57–63, 59, 60;
renewable energies 55–57
ALCES and Integral Ecology Group 48,
52, 53, 54
Amigo, C. 101
anaerobic digestion 203
Areva 76, 78
Arrow, Kenneth 13
Atacama Desert 92, 93
Athabasca oil sands area 45, 46, 47, 52–55
Austria see iron and steel decarbonisation,
Austria
Bali see biogas transition, Indonesia
barriers see implementation risks
Beck, U. 14
behavioural change 3, 13, 17–18, 258;
Austria 37–38, 39; Chile 100; China
166, 169, 172, 173, 175, 177, 258;
Indonesia 258; Kenya 258; Netherlands
112, 118
Berhe, T.G. 214
biofuels, Spain 124
biogas slurry fertiliser 203, 206
biogas transition, Indonesia 201–217, 248,
249, 253; coal 201, 202, 206, 213;
comparison of pathways 213–216, 214;
consequential risks 207, 209, 212–213,
266; financial incentives 207, 211, 212,
252; fossil-fuel subsidies 212, 213;
greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions 201;
household biogas transition pathway
203, 205–206, 211, 213–214, 214, 215,
250; implementation risks 207, 209,
210–212, 266; influence of political will
254; large-scale biogas-for-electricity
transition pathway 203, 206–207, 211,
213–214, 214, 215–216; research
process and methods 203–204, 204;
palm-oil waste 203, 214, 215;
rethinking renewable energy solutions
202–203; social justice 212, 259;
uncertainties 209, 208–210
biomass: Chile 99, 100, 101; China 162,
167; Kenya 223, 224; Netherlands 105;
Spain 123, 125; United Kingdom 70,
78; see also biogas transition, Indonesia;
charcoal, Kenya
biomass gasification 203
BIRU programme, Indonesia 203, 205,
208
bitumen see Alberta oil sands, Canada
Breschnerbach hydropower project,
Switzerland 148
Index
Page numbers in bold denote tables, those in italics denote figures.
Gathering, Canada 49
Alberta Electric Systems Operator
(AESO) 57
Alberta oil sands, Canada 45–64, 46, 249,
250, 256; carbon emissions cap pathway
50–52, 62; carbon tax 50–52, 55–56;
clean energy mix pathway 55–57, 58,
62; consequential risks 60, 61, 63, 263;
ecosystem protection 53–55, 62–63;
employment impacts 56, 57, 58;
greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions 46,
47, 50–51; implementation risks 58–60,
61, 63, 263; Indigenous peoples 48–49,
52–55, 58, 60, 62–64, 257–258;
influence of political will 254; research
process and methods 48–49; paced oil
sands development and land-use
protection pathway 52–55, 62–63;
pollution 47, 52, 60; public and
stakeholder opinion 57–63, 59, 60;
renewable energies 55–57
ALCES and Integral Ecology Group 48,
52, 53, 54
Amigo, C. 101
anaerobic digestion 203
Areva 76, 78
Arrow, Kenneth 13
Atacama Desert 92, 93
Athabasca oil sands area 45, 46, 47, 52–55
Austria see iron and steel decarbonisation,
Austria
Bali see biogas transition, Indonesia
barriers see implementation risks
Beck, U. 14
behavioural change 3, 13, 17–18, 258;
Austria 37–38, 39; Chile 100; China
166, 169, 172, 173, 175, 177, 258;
Indonesia 258; Kenya 258; Netherlands
112, 118
Berhe, T.G. 214
biofuels, Spain 124
biogas slurry fertiliser 203, 206
biogas transition, Indonesia 201–217, 248,
249, 253; coal 201, 202, 206, 213;
comparison of pathways 213–216, 214;
consequential risks 207, 209, 212–213,
266; financial incentives 207, 211, 212,
252; fossil-fuel subsidies 212, 213;
greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions 201;
household biogas transition pathway
203, 205–206, 211, 213–214, 214, 215,
250; implementation risks 207, 209,
210–212, 266; influence of political will
254; large-scale biogas-for-electricity
transition pathway 203, 206–207, 211,
213–214, 214, 215–216; research
process and methods 203–204, 204;
palm-oil waste 203, 214, 215;
rethinking renewable energy solutions
202–203; social justice 212, 259;
uncertainties 209, 208–210
biomass: Chile 99, 100, 101; China 162,
167; Kenya 223, 224; Netherlands 105;
Spain 123, 125; United Kingdom 70,
78; see also biogas transition, Indonesia;
charcoal, Kenya
biomass gasification 203
BIRU programme, Indonesia 203, 205,
208
bitumen see Alberta oil sands, Canada
Breschnerbach hydropower project,
Switzerland 148
Index
Page numbers in bold denote tables, those in italics denote figures.