Consequential risks
Most significant risks
Implementation risks
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
C
o
n
s
e
q
u
e
n
t
i
a
l
r
i
s
k
s
a
s
c
o
g
n
it
iv
e
b
a
r
ri
e
rs
Unset biogas national target
Methane leakage
Increased electricity tariff
Imbalance between men and women
Technology choice does not fit the local conditions
Leakage of methane emissions
Unfiltered hydrogen sulphide (H
2
S) in biogas installations
Unclear role of public and private sectors
Different goals on biogas installations
Varied monitoring practices in different programmes
Initial investment needs
Collective management issues in the case of larger biogas systems
Accessibility and sustainability of feedstock
Poor maintenance and infrastructure
Subsidy on fossil fuels
Uncertainties
Biogas development
Changing focus on each political term
Conflicting views on the biogas development
Figure 12.1 Main uncertainties, implementation, and consequential risks associated with biogas development in Indonesia.