3 Bio-liquid Fuels in Industrial Plant Oil
93
3.1.3 Solutions
(1) Biodiesel is produced from a variety of waste oils and oily residues. These
resources include waste oil from cooking and frying foods, animal fats from
roasting foods, and animal grease treated from waste material produced during
normal temperature. Cooking waste oil also known as swill oil mainly refers to
the oil from the remaining meal separated by oil, gutter oil, kitchen hood cold
condensed oil, etc.
(2) The seed of woody oil plants has the potential to produce biodiesel. There are
abundant woody oil plant resources in our country, including Jatropha Curcas, green jade trees, Pistacia chinensis, Cornus wilsoniana, oil trees, Chinese
tallow, and so on. They have the characteristics of wild, cold tolerant, and barren tolerant. Although it takes a lot of labor to collect these raw materials,
considering the relatively cheap labor resources in China, the development of
bio-refining and chemical plants using woody plant oil as raw material is in line
with the national conditions of our country.
3.2 Microalgae Biofuel
Assessing the sustainability of algal liquid biofuels requires an understanding of the
individual components that make up potential supply chains. This chapter focuses
on the basic processes of algal biofuel production from the biology and traits of
the organisms, to methods for cultivation, and to processing into liquid fuels. It discusses algal strains and the attributes of those strains critical for biofuel production,
the photo-autotrophic methods for algae cultivation through open-pond and closed
photobioreactor systems, the processes for collection and dewatering if necessary,
and the processing of algal lipid, biomass, or secreted products into fuels. It provides the basic descriptions of the supply chain components used in later chapters
and summarizes some critical process improvements that could enhance the overall
sustainability of algal biofuels [23].
3.2.1 Algal Feedstocks
The organisms considered as a potential feedstock for algal biofuel production belong
to a vast and diverse assemblage of aquatic organisms that carry out oxygen-evolving
photosynthesis and lack the stems, roots, leaves, and embryos of plants [24]. The
category includes eukaryotic species that are related to the plant lineage and can
be further categorized as macroalgae that are large structured species (for example,
kelps) or microalgae that are microscopic species (for example, Nannochloropsis
spp.). In the context of biofuel, the term “microalgae” also includes cyanobacteria,
93
3.1.3 Solutions
(1) Biodiesel is produced from a variety of waste oils and oily residues. These
resources include waste oil from cooking and frying foods, animal fats from
roasting foods, and animal grease treated from waste material produced during
normal temperature. Cooking waste oil also known as swill oil mainly refers to
the oil from the remaining meal separated by oil, gutter oil, kitchen hood cold
condensed oil, etc.
(2) The seed of woody oil plants has the potential to produce biodiesel. There are
abundant woody oil plant resources in our country, including Jatropha Curcas, green jade trees, Pistacia chinensis, Cornus wilsoniana, oil trees, Chinese
tallow, and so on. They have the characteristics of wild, cold tolerant, and barren tolerant. Although it takes a lot of labor to collect these raw materials,
considering the relatively cheap labor resources in China, the development of
bio-refining and chemical plants using woody plant oil as raw material is in line
with the national conditions of our country.
3.2 Microalgae Biofuel
Assessing the sustainability of algal liquid biofuels requires an understanding of the
individual components that make up potential supply chains. This chapter focuses
on the basic processes of algal biofuel production from the biology and traits of
the organisms, to methods for cultivation, and to processing into liquid fuels. It discusses algal strains and the attributes of those strains critical for biofuel production,
the photo-autotrophic methods for algae cultivation through open-pond and closed
photobioreactor systems, the processes for collection and dewatering if necessary,
and the processing of algal lipid, biomass, or secreted products into fuels. It provides the basic descriptions of the supply chain components used in later chapters
and summarizes some critical process improvements that could enhance the overall
sustainability of algal biofuels [23].
3.2.1 Algal Feedstocks
The organisms considered as a potential feedstock for algal biofuel production belong
to a vast and diverse assemblage of aquatic organisms that carry out oxygen-evolving
photosynthesis and lack the stems, roots, leaves, and embryos of plants [24]. The
category includes eukaryotic species that are related to the plant lineage and can
be further categorized as macroalgae that are large structured species (for example,
kelps) or microalgae that are microscopic species (for example, Nannochloropsis
spp.). In the context of biofuel, the term “microalgae” also includes cyanobacteria,