3 Bio-liquid Fuels in Industrial Plant Oil
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thousand tons. Germany is the most widely biodiesel used country, producing and
consuming 1.1 million tons of biodiesel till now, account for 3.5 million tons of the
world’s total production of 1/3.
The United States was the first country to study biodiesel. At present, there
are many biodiesel production plants and suppliers in the United States. The main
raw materials are soybean oil, the annual production of biodiesel is more than 300
thousand tons, and the tax rate of biodiesel is zero.
While producing soybean oil biodiesel, the United States also actively explored
other ways to produce biodiesel. The National Laboratory of Renewable Resources
of the United States made “engineering microalgae” through modern biotechnology.
Under laboratory conditions, the lipid content can reach 40% and 60%. It is estimated
that “engineering microalgae” can produce 6400–16,000 L biodiesel per acre, which
opens a new way for the production of biodiesel [16].
The pure form of biodiesel, also known as net biodiesel, has been officially listed
as a vehicle alternative fuel by the United States Energy Policy Act. Depending on
the difference of raw materials and producers, the price of U.S. net biodiesel is less
than 0.515–0.793 $/L; 80% of the market price of biodiesel, which costs 7.93–10.57
cents per liter more than conventional diesel [17, 18].
Japan mainly uses fried oil as raw material to produce biodiesel, the current
annual production capacity of biodiesel reached 400 thousand tons. The production
of biodiesel from castor oil in Brazil is being popularized.
3.1.1.2 Development of Domestic Biodiesel
The research and development of biodiesel in China is a little later than that in foreign
countries. In 1981, the experimental research on the production of biodiesel from
vegetable oil, such as rapeseed oil and fruit oil of light bark tree, was started [19].
In recent years, some scientific research institutions and universities have carried
out the research of biodiesel, and successfully developed the technology of using
rapeseed oil, soybean oil, and waste fried oil as raw materials to produce biodiesel.
The government has also formulated a series of preferential policies and measures to
support the research and development of biodiesel, which is conducive to the rapid
development of China’s biodiesel industry.
The raw material of biodiesel in China will mainly come from two aspects: waste
oil and woody plant oil. The waste oil mainly includes animal oil, food waste oil,
and gutter oil, and the woody oil plants mainly include Camellia oleifera Abel, Olea
europaea Linn., Elaeis guineensis Jacq. In recent years, the seed oil of Jatropha Curcas, Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge, Pistacia chinensis, and Acer truncatum Bunge
has been studied as biodiesel feedstock. China is rich in oil-bearing plants with 1553
species belonging to 151 families, there are 154 species of which with more than
40% oil content, approximate 30 species tree and shrub species can be used to establish large-scale biomass fuel oil raw material base and there are about 10 kinds of
biomass fuel oil plants that set up a large-scale supply base for improved varieties.
91
thousand tons. Germany is the most widely biodiesel used country, producing and
consuming 1.1 million tons of biodiesel till now, account for 3.5 million tons of the
world’s total production of 1/3.
The United States was the first country to study biodiesel. At present, there
are many biodiesel production plants and suppliers in the United States. The main
raw materials are soybean oil, the annual production of biodiesel is more than 300
thousand tons, and the tax rate of biodiesel is zero.
While producing soybean oil biodiesel, the United States also actively explored
other ways to produce biodiesel. The National Laboratory of Renewable Resources
of the United States made “engineering microalgae” through modern biotechnology.
Under laboratory conditions, the lipid content can reach 40% and 60%. It is estimated
that “engineering microalgae” can produce 6400–16,000 L biodiesel per acre, which
opens a new way for the production of biodiesel [16].
The pure form of biodiesel, also known as net biodiesel, has been officially listed
as a vehicle alternative fuel by the United States Energy Policy Act. Depending on
the difference of raw materials and producers, the price of U.S. net biodiesel is less
than 0.515–0.793 $/L; 80% of the market price of biodiesel, which costs 7.93–10.57
cents per liter more than conventional diesel [17, 18].
Japan mainly uses fried oil as raw material to produce biodiesel, the current
annual production capacity of biodiesel reached 400 thousand tons. The production
of biodiesel from castor oil in Brazil is being popularized.
3.1.1.2 Development of Domestic Biodiesel
The research and development of biodiesel in China is a little later than that in foreign
countries. In 1981, the experimental research on the production of biodiesel from
vegetable oil, such as rapeseed oil and fruit oil of light bark tree, was started [19].
In recent years, some scientific research institutions and universities have carried
out the research of biodiesel, and successfully developed the technology of using
rapeseed oil, soybean oil, and waste fried oil as raw materials to produce biodiesel.
The government has also formulated a series of preferential policies and measures to
support the research and development of biodiesel, which is conducive to the rapid
development of China’s biodiesel industry.
The raw material of biodiesel in China will mainly come from two aspects: waste
oil and woody plant oil. The waste oil mainly includes animal oil, food waste oil,
and gutter oil, and the woody oil plants mainly include Camellia oleifera Abel, Olea
europaea Linn., Elaeis guineensis Jacq. In recent years, the seed oil of Jatropha Curcas, Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge, Pistacia chinensis, and Acer truncatum Bunge
has been studied as biodiesel feedstock. China is rich in oil-bearing plants with 1553
species belonging to 151 families, there are 154 species of which with more than
40% oil content, approximate 30 species tree and shrub species can be used to establish large-scale biomass fuel oil raw material base and there are about 10 kinds of
biomass fuel oil plants that set up a large-scale supply base for improved varieties.