10 Comprehensive Utilization of Processed Residues …
287
also be produced [28]. In general, 1.2–1.3 ton of crystalline sodium acetate can be
recovered from each ton of furfural that is produced.
10.4.2 Production of Tannin Extract
The Camellia oleifera fruit shell contains 9.23% tannin, which can be extracted by
the water extraction method [25]. Tannin is the main raw material for the tanning
industry and can also be used as a flotation agent in the mineral industry. The residues
after extracting tannin can be used to make furfural or fertilizer.
10.4.3 Production of Activated Carbon
Activated carbon is a porous adsorbent widely used in decolorization, deodorization,
and impurity separation of food, medicine, chemical, environmental metallurgy, and
oil refining industries. The Camellia oleifera fruit shell contains a large amount of
lignin and it has a unique physical structure, which is a good material for producing
activated carbon [26, 29]. Camellia oleifera fruit shell can be pyrolyzed (carbonized,
activated) to produce activated carbon with greater activity and adsorption capacity,
and the comprehensive performance is satisfied. The quality indicators such as activity, yield, raw material consumption, and production cost are close to or better than
other fruits shells or lignin materials. The activated carbon produced by Camellia
oleifera fruit shell is mainly via ways of gas activation and zinc oxide activation
method. The zinc oxide activation method is more commonly used since the effect
is better, and the yield rate of the finished product is about 10–15%.
10.4.4 Production of Nutrient Medium
The Camellia oleifera fruit shell contains various chemical components that are
beneficial for the cultivation of edible fungi such as mushrooms, oyster mushrooms,
and phoenix mushrooms [28, 30]. The edible fungi cultured by tea-oil husks are
close to or superior to cotton husks, straws, and sawdust in the perspective of forms
and ingredients [31, 32]. The suitable content ratio of Camellia oleifera fruit shell
for the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms is about 40–50%, the yield rate is slightly
higher than that of the pure Fagaceae sawdust as the amino acid content is increased
by 50%. By reducing the cost of 16.7–20.8% for per ton nutrient medium, 900 kg
weight of fresh mushrooms (90 kg of dried mushrooms) can be produced, which is
worth ￥ 2700 yuan and saves 1 m
3 wood for per ton Camellia oleifera fruit shell.
287
also be produced [28]. In general, 1.2–1.3 ton of crystalline sodium acetate can be
recovered from each ton of furfural that is produced.
10.4.2 Production of Tannin Extract
The Camellia oleifera fruit shell contains 9.23% tannin, which can be extracted by
the water extraction method [25]. Tannin is the main raw material for the tanning
industry and can also be used as a flotation agent in the mineral industry. The residues
after extracting tannin can be used to make furfural or fertilizer.
10.4.3 Production of Activated Carbon
Activated carbon is a porous adsorbent widely used in decolorization, deodorization,
and impurity separation of food, medicine, chemical, environmental metallurgy, and
oil refining industries. The Camellia oleifera fruit shell contains a large amount of
lignin and it has a unique physical structure, which is a good material for producing
activated carbon [26, 29]. Camellia oleifera fruit shell can be pyrolyzed (carbonized,
activated) to produce activated carbon with greater activity and adsorption capacity,
and the comprehensive performance is satisfied. The quality indicators such as activity, yield, raw material consumption, and production cost are close to or better than
other fruits shells or lignin materials. The activated carbon produced by Camellia
oleifera fruit shell is mainly via ways of gas activation and zinc oxide activation
method. The zinc oxide activation method is more commonly used since the effect
is better, and the yield rate of the finished product is about 10–15%.
10.4.4 Production of Nutrient Medium
The Camellia oleifera fruit shell contains various chemical components that are
beneficial for the cultivation of edible fungi such as mushrooms, oyster mushrooms,
and phoenix mushrooms [28, 30]. The edible fungi cultured by tea-oil husks are
close to or superior to cotton husks, straws, and sawdust in the perspective of forms
and ingredients [31, 32]. The suitable content ratio of Camellia oleifera fruit shell
for the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms is about 40–50%, the yield rate is slightly
higher than that of the pure Fagaceae sawdust as the amino acid content is increased
by 50%. By reducing the cost of 16.7–20.8% for per ton nutrient medium, 900 kg
weight of fresh mushrooms (90 kg of dried mushrooms) can be produced, which is
worth ￥ 2700 yuan and saves 1 m
3 wood for per ton Camellia oleifera fruit shell.