9 Oil-Based Materials and Products
275
Except vegetable oils, the non-aromatic solvents also include mineral oils, such as
kerosene, liquid paraffin and xylene esters. Kerosene is a mixture of alkanes, olefins,
cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Its main component is saturated hydrocarbons, and its disadvantages are highly flammable. Liquid paraffin is a positive
alkane of C10–C17 extracted from light oil in the intermediate fraction of petroleum.
Dimethyl ester (DBE), commonly known as dimethyl nitrite, has a certain solubility
for most of the active components and is an ideal substitute for aromatic solvents.
In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted to promote the development of oil and fat solvents. In the 1970s, the Shenyang Chemical Research Institute
in China developed 25% of DDT emulsifiable oil prepared from light diesel as a
solvent. And the institute of agricultural sciences of Fujian province in China has
studied the preparation of methylamino abamectin benzoate emulsifiable oil from
pine tree oil, palm oil, auxiliary solvent, and active agent. The Institute has developed
three types of auxiliary solvents using vegetable oil instead of xylene as a solvent. Liu
[18] studied the application of biodiesel as a solvent for the processing of herbicide
emulsifiable concentrate, and successfully prepared emulsifiable concentrated spermifluoxaline and enoxanone. The results showed that the sediments of three kinds of
emulsifiable oils prepared by biodiesel increased significantly. Fu et al. [19] studied
that the methylamino abamectin benzoate emulsifiable oil prepared with xylene as
a solvent was harmful to the green cabbage Brassica Campestris, but the methylamino abamectin benzoate emulsifiable oil prepared with two solvents: refined pine
oil + palm oil and refined pine oil had no obvious damage to the vegetable plants
of Brassica Campestris. Zhang [20] prepared high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsion
with biodiesel as a solvent and studied the effects of different methyl oleate dosage
on the physical properties and efficacy of the cypermethrin emulsion dilution solution. Wang [21] used biodiesel as a solvent to prepare 15% of the highly effective
Haloxyfop-methyl emulsion in water, and 3% of OP-10P was selected as an emulsifier. After the hot storage test, there was no oil precipitation occurred in the sample,
and the particle size of the sample met the requirements for water emulsion.
There were few agrochemical emulsifiable products prepared with oil and fat
solvents in the market, because they have less ability to dissolve most of the active
components of agrochemicals. They are also difficult to match with existing emulsifiers, reducing their versatility. Moreover, the use of edible oil also has the problem
of competing with food resources, which limited their further development.
9.2.2 Application in Oil Suspension Agent
Oil suspension is a highly dispersed and stable suspension system with oil base as
the medium. The oil base includes vegetable oils or mineral oils. As a diluent, the
oil itself is required to have good adhesion and spreading properties to waxy or
smooth surfaces of leaves. Therefore, better oil suspension should have advantages
of good adhesion and spreading properties, and strong resistance to rainwater. In
order to make the solvent highly dispersed, it is necessary not only to require high
275
Except vegetable oils, the non-aromatic solvents also include mineral oils, such as
kerosene, liquid paraffin and xylene esters. Kerosene is a mixture of alkanes, olefins,
cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Its main component is saturated hydrocarbons, and its disadvantages are highly flammable. Liquid paraffin is a positive
alkane of C10–C17 extracted from light oil in the intermediate fraction of petroleum.
Dimethyl ester (DBE), commonly known as dimethyl nitrite, has a certain solubility
for most of the active components and is an ideal substitute for aromatic solvents.
In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted to promote the development of oil and fat solvents. In the 1970s, the Shenyang Chemical Research Institute
in China developed 25% of DDT emulsifiable oil prepared from light diesel as a
solvent. And the institute of agricultural sciences of Fujian province in China has
studied the preparation of methylamino abamectin benzoate emulsifiable oil from
pine tree oil, palm oil, auxiliary solvent, and active agent. The Institute has developed
three types of auxiliary solvents using vegetable oil instead of xylene as a solvent. Liu
[18] studied the application of biodiesel as a solvent for the processing of herbicide
emulsifiable concentrate, and successfully prepared emulsifiable concentrated spermifluoxaline and enoxanone. The results showed that the sediments of three kinds of
emulsifiable oils prepared by biodiesel increased significantly. Fu et al. [19] studied
that the methylamino abamectin benzoate emulsifiable oil prepared with xylene as
a solvent was harmful to the green cabbage Brassica Campestris, but the methylamino abamectin benzoate emulsifiable oil prepared with two solvents: refined pine
oil + palm oil and refined pine oil had no obvious damage to the vegetable plants
of Brassica Campestris. Zhang [20] prepared high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsion
with biodiesel as a solvent and studied the effects of different methyl oleate dosage
on the physical properties and efficacy of the cypermethrin emulsion dilution solution. Wang [21] used biodiesel as a solvent to prepare 15% of the highly effective
Haloxyfop-methyl emulsion in water, and 3% of OP-10P was selected as an emulsifier. After the hot storage test, there was no oil precipitation occurred in the sample,
and the particle size of the sample met the requirements for water emulsion.
There were few agrochemical emulsifiable products prepared with oil and fat
solvents in the market, because they have less ability to dissolve most of the active
components of agrochemicals. They are also difficult to match with existing emulsifiers, reducing their versatility. Moreover, the use of edible oil also has the problem
of competing with food resources, which limited their further development.
9.2.2 Application in Oil Suspension Agent
Oil suspension is a highly dispersed and stable suspension system with oil base as
the medium. The oil base includes vegetable oils or mineral oils. As a diluent, the
oil itself is required to have good adhesion and spreading properties to waxy or
smooth surfaces of leaves. Therefore, better oil suspension should have advantages
of good adhesion and spreading properties, and strong resistance to rainwater. In
order to make the solvent highly dispersed, it is necessary not only to require high