8 Oleochemistry Products
243
for ionic cure systems. VO are only recently used for radiation cure application.
In general, acrylates cure through UV radical polymerization, while methacrylates,
styrene and vinyl ethers react with oxygen in the air to be as useful. Epoxidized
soybean oil derivatives using 2-hydroxylethyl acrylate, in the presence of a strong
acid catalyst was used for UV-cure [176]. Vegetable oil acrylates from castor oil
were blended with a trifunctional thiol and crosslinked via UV irradiation [26]. Due
to the high polarity of epoxidized oils, they can be used for cation cure systems,
characterized by less shrinkage than radical ones, and deeper curing on pigmented
systems and are much slower to cure.
Natural additives in coatings for VOC abatement: VO show high potential
for reducing VOC because they are a liquid at room temperature and polymerize,
or at least oligomerize, with air oxidation, becoming solid with time. They can
be used as additives in paints to replace solvents that can lead to VOC formation,
typically the coalescent aid, an ester or ether such as 2-butoxyethanol. Recently,
simple monoesters of unsaturated oils were used as potential coalescent aids [140].
These materials showed high compatibility for most commercial latex resins, with a
1:1 replacement of volatile coalescent aid.
8.5 Epoxy Plasticisers
8.5.1 Plastics and Raw Materials
Replacement of petroleum-based polymeric materials using environment-friendly
materials specially from natural resources is a compelling contemporary challenge
attributable to the fluctuation oil prices. Triglycerides, the primary components of
vegetable oils, are an abundant, renewable and widely investigated alternative feedstock for polymeric materials. Efforts are made on a global scale to develop innovative technologies to transform these natural resources into novel monomers and
polymers. Some of these technologies have already generated competitive industrial products with properties comparable to conventional petrochemical polymers.
Fillers and fibres have also been incorporated into these bio-based polymer matrices
to improve the physical and thermal–mechanical properties of the resulting composite
materials [241].
Bio-plastics can be defined as plastic resins made entirely or partially from renewable feedstocks. Bio-based thermoplastic resins can be generally classified into three
categories according to the feedstock resources of the major polymer components.
The first group consists of thermoplastic polymers which are totally derived from
renewable feedstock, such as poly(lactic acid) and polyhydroxyalkanoates. The second group includes polymers that are partially derived from renewable feedstock,
such as polyurethanes based on plant oil derived polyols (also called oleochemical polyols or natural oil polyols) and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) synthesized
243
for ionic cure systems. VO are only recently used for radiation cure application.
In general, acrylates cure through UV radical polymerization, while methacrylates,
styrene and vinyl ethers react with oxygen in the air to be as useful. Epoxidized
soybean oil derivatives using 2-hydroxylethyl acrylate, in the presence of a strong
acid catalyst was used for UV-cure [176]. Vegetable oil acrylates from castor oil
were blended with a trifunctional thiol and crosslinked via UV irradiation [26]. Due
to the high polarity of epoxidized oils, they can be used for cation cure systems,
characterized by less shrinkage than radical ones, and deeper curing on pigmented
systems and are much slower to cure.
Natural additives in coatings for VOC abatement: VO show high potential
for reducing VOC because they are a liquid at room temperature and polymerize,
or at least oligomerize, with air oxidation, becoming solid with time. They can
be used as additives in paints to replace solvents that can lead to VOC formation,
typically the coalescent aid, an ester or ether such as 2-butoxyethanol. Recently,
simple monoesters of unsaturated oils were used as potential coalescent aids [140].
These materials showed high compatibility for most commercial latex resins, with a
1:1 replacement of volatile coalescent aid.
8.5 Epoxy Plasticisers
8.5.1 Plastics and Raw Materials
Replacement of petroleum-based polymeric materials using environment-friendly
materials specially from natural resources is a compelling contemporary challenge
attributable to the fluctuation oil prices. Triglycerides, the primary components of
vegetable oils, are an abundant, renewable and widely investigated alternative feedstock for polymeric materials. Efforts are made on a global scale to develop innovative technologies to transform these natural resources into novel monomers and
polymers. Some of these technologies have already generated competitive industrial products with properties comparable to conventional petrochemical polymers.
Fillers and fibres have also been incorporated into these bio-based polymer matrices
to improve the physical and thermal–mechanical properties of the resulting composite
materials [241].
Bio-plastics can be defined as plastic resins made entirely or partially from renewable feedstocks. Bio-based thermoplastic resins can be generally classified into three
categories according to the feedstock resources of the major polymer components.
The first group consists of thermoplastic polymers which are totally derived from
renewable feedstock, such as poly(lactic acid) and polyhydroxyalkanoates. The second group includes polymers that are partially derived from renewable feedstock,
such as polyurethanes based on plant oil derived polyols (also called oleochemical polyols or natural oil polyols) and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) synthesized