7 Technologies for Conversion Bio-Lubricant …
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around 15 mm. For second layer, the holes’ diameter should be 5–6 mm, less than
the minimum size of seeds. This kind of design can simplify the cleaning process.
After cleaning, the seeds are transported into factory by chain-type bucket elevator,
which will not skid and block. Additionally, using chain-type bucket elevator as
transport implement can keep the system steady with the help of frequency control
and e-metrics.
7.2.1.2 Crushing
The nuts of castor are easy to adhere with each other, so rolled compact procedure is
necessary for the production of oil. To simplify the steam-roasted process, the seeds
should be crashed as small as possible. The thickness of the castor seeds should be
rolled between 2.2 and 2.5 mm. Furthermore, the seeds of castor are large and have
a smooth shell, which makes it difficult to get into the machine, so there should be a
wide gap between two rollers
7.2.1.3 Steam-Roasted
During steam-roasted process the seeds produced from crushing are humidified,
heated, and dehydrated, to make it fit for pressing. The time of steam-roasted should
be no longer than 1 h. The temperature and moisture should between 115–120 °C
and 4–5%, respectively. Additionally, the cooker should be designed with a shallower
bottom, a higher rotate speed, a larger entrance, and a stronger draft fan. Thirdly, the
drive device should have a large power.
7.2.1.4 Oil Manufacture
The castor seeds are soft and contain plenty of oil, so the seeds can be squeezed
with shell. Compared with the ordinary seeds, the oil press for castor needs stronger
power, higher rate of feeding, and narrower gap between the cage bar and pressed
cake. The time for squeeze should also be prolonged. The residual oil ratio of the
castor cake, which is produced by the oil press device, should be no more than 13%
constantly. Only in this way can provide a prerequisite for the low residual oil ratio
for the castor flake.
7.2.1.5 Filtration
The crude oil should be filtered at high temperature, generally between 80 and 85 °C,
as a result of the presence of high viscosity and adhesive impurities in the unrefined
rough oil. Among several types of filtration equipments, the leaf filter with stainless
wire net is the most effective, as it has a less adhesive force for the rough oil and
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around 15 mm. For second layer, the holes’ diameter should be 5–6 mm, less than
the minimum size of seeds. This kind of design can simplify the cleaning process.
After cleaning, the seeds are transported into factory by chain-type bucket elevator,
which will not skid and block. Additionally, using chain-type bucket elevator as
transport implement can keep the system steady with the help of frequency control
and e-metrics.
7.2.1.2 Crushing
The nuts of castor are easy to adhere with each other, so rolled compact procedure is
necessary for the production of oil. To simplify the steam-roasted process, the seeds
should be crashed as small as possible. The thickness of the castor seeds should be
rolled between 2.2 and 2.5 mm. Furthermore, the seeds of castor are large and have
a smooth shell, which makes it difficult to get into the machine, so there should be a
wide gap between two rollers
7.2.1.3 Steam-Roasted
During steam-roasted process the seeds produced from crushing are humidified,
heated, and dehydrated, to make it fit for pressing. The time of steam-roasted should
be no longer than 1 h. The temperature and moisture should between 115–120 °C
and 4–5%, respectively. Additionally, the cooker should be designed with a shallower
bottom, a higher rotate speed, a larger entrance, and a stronger draft fan. Thirdly, the
drive device should have a large power.
7.2.1.4 Oil Manufacture
The castor seeds are soft and contain plenty of oil, so the seeds can be squeezed
with shell. Compared with the ordinary seeds, the oil press for castor needs stronger
power, higher rate of feeding, and narrower gap between the cage bar and pressed
cake. The time for squeeze should also be prolonged. The residual oil ratio of the
castor cake, which is produced by the oil press device, should be no more than 13%
constantly. Only in this way can provide a prerequisite for the low residual oil ratio
for the castor flake.
7.2.1.5 Filtration
The crude oil should be filtered at high temperature, generally between 80 and 85 °C,
as a result of the presence of high viscosity and adhesive impurities in the unrefined
rough oil. Among several types of filtration equipments, the leaf filter with stainless
wire net is the most effective, as it has a less adhesive force for the rough oil and