8.5 Program of High-Frequency Active Studies HAARP
791
– Turbulence studies at mesopause altitudes (75–90 km) and connection of this
phenomenon to atmospheric processes.
– Studies of the parameters of the atmosphere at altitudes of 55–120 km, as well as
the parameters and dynamics of the ionosphere at altitudes of 60–300 km by the
method of resonant scattering on artificial periodic inhomogeneities.
– Studies of dynamic processes in the upper atmosphere, including convective
movements of the neutral gas component and the effect of wave disturbances
on atmospheric processes using an artificially induced controlled source of
acoustic-gravity waves.
– Study of the laws of generation of artificial turbulence and artificial electromagnetic radiation of ionospheric plasma in various ranges (HF, SHF, optical emission) when exposed to powerful radio waves; simulation of the natural processes
of turbulence excitation and generation of the electromagnetic radiation of the
ionosphere during the invasion of the flux of energetic particles into the Earth’s
atmosphere.
– Observation of the radio emission of the long-range trans-ionospheric propagation
of the decameter–decimeter range, the development of methods and equipment
for predicting and controlling the propagation of radio waves.
Radio complex “Sura” is located in the Nizhny Novgorod region. It is based on three
shortwave radio transmitters PKV-250 with a frequency range of 4–25 MHz and a
power of 250 kW each (total power—0.8 MW) and a three-section receiving and
transmitting PPADD antenna with an area of 300 × 300 m
2 , with a frequency band
of 4.3–9.5 MHz and a gain of 26 dB at the center frequency.
The main differences between HAARP and SURA units lie in their power and
location: HAARP is located in the region of the northern lights, “Sura”—in the
moderate climate zone; the power of HAARP is already much greater than the power
of “Sura”; however, both units today are operated, and their goals are identical:
the study of propagation of radio waves, generation of acoustic-gravity waves, and
creation of ionospheric lenses.
The HAARP system is not unique. There are two more stations in the USA: one
in Puerto Rico (near the Arecibo Observatory), and the other, known as HIPAS, in
Alaska, near the city of Fairbanks. Both of these stations have active and passive
instruments similar to those of HAARP.
Europe also has two world-class complexes for ionosphere studies, both of which
are located in Norway: the more powerful radar European Incoherent Scatter Radar
site (EISCAT) is located near the town of Tromso, and the less powerful Space Plasma
Exploration by Active Radar (SPEAR) is located on the Svalbard archipelago. Other
complexes are installed:
– In Jicamarca (Peru);
– In the town of Apatity, Murmansk region (Russia);
– Near Kharkov (Ukraine);
– In Dushanbe (Tajikistan).
791
– Turbulence studies at mesopause altitudes (75–90 km) and connection of this
phenomenon to atmospheric processes.
– Studies of the parameters of the atmosphere at altitudes of 55–120 km, as well as
the parameters and dynamics of the ionosphere at altitudes of 60–300 km by the
method of resonant scattering on artificial periodic inhomogeneities.
– Studies of dynamic processes in the upper atmosphere, including convective
movements of the neutral gas component and the effect of wave disturbances
on atmospheric processes using an artificially induced controlled source of
acoustic-gravity waves.
– Study of the laws of generation of artificial turbulence and artificial electromagnetic radiation of ionospheric plasma in various ranges (HF, SHF, optical emission) when exposed to powerful radio waves; simulation of the natural processes
of turbulence excitation and generation of the electromagnetic radiation of the
ionosphere during the invasion of the flux of energetic particles into the Earth’s
atmosphere.
– Observation of the radio emission of the long-range trans-ionospheric propagation
of the decameter–decimeter range, the development of methods and equipment
for predicting and controlling the propagation of radio waves.
Radio complex “Sura” is located in the Nizhny Novgorod region. It is based on three
shortwave radio transmitters PKV-250 with a frequency range of 4–25 MHz and a
power of 250 kW each (total power—0.8 MW) and a three-section receiving and
transmitting PPADD antenna with an area of 300 × 300 m
2 , with a frequency band
of 4.3–9.5 MHz and a gain of 26 dB at the center frequency.
The main differences between HAARP and SURA units lie in their power and
location: HAARP is located in the region of the northern lights, “Sura”—in the
moderate climate zone; the power of HAARP is already much greater than the power
of “Sura”; however, both units today are operated, and their goals are identical:
the study of propagation of radio waves, generation of acoustic-gravity waves, and
creation of ionospheric lenses.
The HAARP system is not unique. There are two more stations in the USA: one
in Puerto Rico (near the Arecibo Observatory), and the other, known as HIPAS, in
Alaska, near the city of Fairbanks. Both of these stations have active and passive
instruments similar to those of HAARP.
Europe also has two world-class complexes for ionosphere studies, both of which
are located in Norway: the more powerful radar European Incoherent Scatter Radar
site (EISCAT) is located near the town of Tromso, and the less powerful Space Plasma
Exploration by Active Radar (SPEAR) is located on the Svalbard archipelago. Other
complexes are installed:
– In Jicamarca (Peru);
– In the town of Apatity, Murmansk region (Russia);
– Near Kharkov (Ukraine);
– In Dushanbe (Tajikistan).