8.3 Ground Microwave Weapons
771
The adapted probabilistic model “Load-Resistance” is usually used as the fourth
model [13]. It allows the researcher to calculate the value of effectiveness of destructive effect of the microwave radiation. The probability of functional damage to the
target (in particular, to its electronics) is taken as the indicator of effectiveness of the
destructive effect.
Based on the general probabilistic model, the leading experts have developed a
method for building the zone of functional destruction of the target, which takes into
account the directional properties of the microwave source and its other features. The
damage area is an area in which the target is hit with a probability not lower than the
set value. The main parameters of microwave weapons that determine the size of the
damage area with their constant energy characteristics are: for microwave units—
the width of the main lobe of the antenna directional pattern and the accuracy of
targeting. Microwave munitions are additionally characterized by the divergence of
the explosion point from the aiming point. Moreover, the paper [4] uses the calculation
of the radius of damage of a radar homing head of the anti-ship winged missile
Tomahawk BGM-109 with the help of a ship-based microwave unit as an example.
The radius of damage with a probability of 0.95 is from 4 to 4.5 km, therefore, the
level of dependability at this distance is 0.05.
It should be noted that the probability model developed in [4] served as a
theoretical basis for creation of a methodology apparatus:
– To substantiate requirements for selection of main parameters of microwave
weapons and their application to achieve the given effectiveness of impact;
– To assess effectiveness of the destructive effect of microwave weapons on any of
aircrafts and spacecrafts containing electronics;
– To assess resistance of aircraft and spacecraft equipment and various systems to
the effect of microwave radiation;
– To substantiate the value of resistance to the effect of microwave weapons and
microwave radiation;
– To substantiate the requirements for the test base of experimental testing of resistance of elements and devices of aircraft and spacecraft equipment and systems
to the effect of microwave radiation.
8.3.3 Non-lethal Ground Weapons
Non-lethal weapons (NLW) are used to temporarily incapacitate people. As we know,
a number of such means have existed for a fairly long time; they include rubber bullets
or tear gas.
However, the fight against crime, riots, and terrorisms, as well as specifics of
performing operative measures by special units firmly demanded creation of new
weapons, new methods and means, including using such non-lethal weapons in
various peacekeeping operations performed under the aegis of the UN as well as
in serious combat tasks. Currently, NLW are being intensively developed in the
USA, Germany, France, China, and a number of other countries.
771
The adapted probabilistic model “Load-Resistance” is usually used as the fourth
model [13]. It allows the researcher to calculate the value of effectiveness of destructive effect of the microwave radiation. The probability of functional damage to the
target (in particular, to its electronics) is taken as the indicator of effectiveness of the
destructive effect.
Based on the general probabilistic model, the leading experts have developed a
method for building the zone of functional destruction of the target, which takes into
account the directional properties of the microwave source and its other features. The
damage area is an area in which the target is hit with a probability not lower than the
set value. The main parameters of microwave weapons that determine the size of the
damage area with their constant energy characteristics are: for microwave units—
the width of the main lobe of the antenna directional pattern and the accuracy of
targeting. Microwave munitions are additionally characterized by the divergence of
the explosion point from the aiming point. Moreover, the paper [4] uses the calculation
of the radius of damage of a radar homing head of the anti-ship winged missile
Tomahawk BGM-109 with the help of a ship-based microwave unit as an example.
The radius of damage with a probability of 0.95 is from 4 to 4.5 km, therefore, the
level of dependability at this distance is 0.05.
It should be noted that the probability model developed in [4] served as a
theoretical basis for creation of a methodology apparatus:
– To substantiate requirements for selection of main parameters of microwave
weapons and their application to achieve the given effectiveness of impact;
– To assess effectiveness of the destructive effect of microwave weapons on any of
aircrafts and spacecrafts containing electronics;
– To assess resistance of aircraft and spacecraft equipment and various systems to
the effect of microwave radiation;
– To substantiate the value of resistance to the effect of microwave weapons and
microwave radiation;
– To substantiate the requirements for the test base of experimental testing of resistance of elements and devices of aircraft and spacecraft equipment and systems
to the effect of microwave radiation.
8.3.3 Non-lethal Ground Weapons
Non-lethal weapons (NLW) are used to temporarily incapacitate people. As we know,
a number of such means have existed for a fairly long time; they include rubber bullets
or tear gas.
However, the fight against crime, riots, and terrorisms, as well as specifics of
performing operative measures by special units firmly demanded creation of new
weapons, new methods and means, including using such non-lethal weapons in
various peacekeeping operations performed under the aegis of the UN as well as
in serious combat tasks. Currently, NLW are being intensively developed in the
USA, Germany, France, China, and a number of other countries.