2.1 Computer Viruses
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Fig. 2.1 Scheme for creating a botnet and using it by a spammer
• General information security tools that are also useful as insurance against
physical damage to disks, malfunctioning programs, or erroneous user actions;
• Preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of virus infection;
• Specialized programs to protect against viruses.
General information security tools are useful not only to protect against viruses.
There are two main types of these tools:
• Copying information—creating copies of files and system disk areas;
• Access control, which is the unauthorized use of information, in particular, protection against changes to programs and data by viruses, malfunctioning programs,
and erroneous actions of users.
Antivirus Programs
Despite the fact that general information security tools are very important for protection against viruses, yet they are not enough. It is also necessary to use specialized
programs to protect against viruses. These programs can be divided into several types:
detectors, doctors (phages), inspectors, inspectors–doctors, filters, and vaccines
(immunizers).