18
F. Firouzi et al.
revolution began in the early 1900s and was characterized by the use of electricity
to drive mass production through assembly lines and a reorganization of labor. The
1970s brought the third industrial revolution which utilized computers to automate
production and processes. It is predicted that the coming fourth industrial revolution
will fully utilize digital manufacturing in smart factories. Industry 4.0 is propelled
by the merging of technologies such as:
• Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and extensive sensor use
• Analytics and big data
• Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI)
• The convergence of IT/OT
• Augmented reality (AR)
• Advanced robotics
• Additive manufacturing
Benefits of Industry 4.0 Industry 4.0 will generate benefits in many areas. Product
development will move more quickly due to analytics, and original equipment
manufacturers (OEMs) will utilize analytics to understand better how consumers
actually use products compared to a product’s anticipated use. Sensor data will
be used to optimize production through constant status updates that are compared
to a digital twin (i.e., a perfectly efficient simulation which creates a virtual and
digital replica of the target physical product/entity or process) to predict the physical
counterpart’s performance characteristics and guide corrective action and predictive
maintenance needs. Additive manufacturing will become highly profitable based on
highly flexible, small production capabilities. Augmented reality will drive learning
and efficiency, and machines will assist humans with dangerous or complicated
tasks as they gain autonomy. Many of these technological advancements are already
occurring on a smaller scale. However, the guiding vision of Industry 4.0 is to
revolutionize manufacturing and its connected industries. The main goal of the
Industry 4.0 vision is to help manufacturing and its connected industries to evolve
away from a logistics or end product focus. This revolution seeks to help these
fields move toward an efficient customer-responsive business model that generates
innovative revenue sources. Industry 4.0 also has the potential to revolutionize cities
and utilities on a larger scale.
Industrial IoT The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) uses actuators and sensors
to improve industrial and manufacturing processes. The IIoT is vital in many industries such as oil and gas, logistics, manufacturing, energy/utilities, transportation,
resource mining, and aviation as well as other industrial fields or use cases common
to these industries. However, there are some companies and professional researchers
who consider Industry 4.0 and IIoT to be equivalent.
F. Firouzi et al.
revolution began in the early 1900s and was characterized by the use of electricity
to drive mass production through assembly lines and a reorganization of labor. The
1970s brought the third industrial revolution which utilized computers to automate
production and processes. It is predicted that the coming fourth industrial revolution
will fully utilize digital manufacturing in smart factories. Industry 4.0 is propelled
by the merging of technologies such as:
• Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and extensive sensor use
• Analytics and big data
• Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI)
• The convergence of IT/OT
• Augmented reality (AR)
• Advanced robotics
• Additive manufacturing
Benefits of Industry 4.0 Industry 4.0 will generate benefits in many areas. Product
development will move more quickly due to analytics, and original equipment
manufacturers (OEMs) will utilize analytics to understand better how consumers
actually use products compared to a product’s anticipated use. Sensor data will
be used to optimize production through constant status updates that are compared
to a digital twin (i.e., a perfectly efficient simulation which creates a virtual and
digital replica of the target physical product/entity or process) to predict the physical
counterpart’s performance characteristics and guide corrective action and predictive
maintenance needs. Additive manufacturing will become highly profitable based on
highly flexible, small production capabilities. Augmented reality will drive learning
and efficiency, and machines will assist humans with dangerous or complicated
tasks as they gain autonomy. Many of these technological advancements are already
occurring on a smaller scale. However, the guiding vision of Industry 4.0 is to
revolutionize manufacturing and its connected industries. The main goal of the
Industry 4.0 vision is to help manufacturing and its connected industries to evolve
away from a logistics or end product focus. This revolution seeks to help these
fields move toward an efficient customer-responsive business model that generates
innovative revenue sources. Industry 4.0 also has the potential to revolutionize cities
and utilities on a larger scale.
Industrial IoT The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) uses actuators and sensors
to improve industrial and manufacturing processes. The IIoT is vital in many industries such as oil and gas, logistics, manufacturing, energy/utilities, transportation,
resource mining, and aviation as well as other industrial fields or use cases common
to these industries. However, there are some companies and professional researchers
who consider Industry 4.0 and IIoT to be equivalent.