6
F. Firouzi et al.
• Heterogeneity – The Internet of Things is expected to be made up of heterogeneous devices, working on different platforms on different networks. Therefore,
all the components should be interoperable, i.e., they must be able to connect,
exchange, and present data in a coordinated manner based on a common
reference model.
• Dynamic Changes – The state of devices, the contexts in which they operate,
the number of connected devices, and the data they transmit and receive are all
expected to change dynamically.
• Enormous Scale – The number of connected devices will be at least an order
of magnitude more than current connections. This means there will be a
commensurate increase in the amount of data generated by the devices, which
in turn must be transferred and analyzed to be leveraged.
• Security and Privacy – Security and privacy are an intrinsic part of IoT. These
issues are critical as personal data will be available online (e.g., in a healthcare
system, IoT devices could be charting and sharing heart rate, blood glucose
levels, sleep patterns, and personal well-being). This demands data sovereignty,
secure networks, secure endpoints, and a scalable data security plan to keep all
of this information safe.
The Internet of Things exists in an ecosystem, all the components and the
environment that supports IoT and its aims. In an IoT ecosystem, there are four
major components: things, data, people, and process. Let us examine each in turn
(see Fig. 1.1) [7]. Of course, all four components, things, data, people, and process,
must work in concert in order to achieve the promises of a more connected world.
Things
Data
Leveraging data into more
useful information for
decision making
Physical devices and
objects connected to the
Internet and each other for
intelligent decision making
People
Process
Connecting people in more
relevant, valuable way
Delivering the right
information to the right
person (or machine) at the
right time
Internet of
Things
Fig. 1.1 IoT: The networked connection of people, things, data, and process
F. Firouzi et al.
• Heterogeneity – The Internet of Things is expected to be made up of heterogeneous devices, working on different platforms on different networks. Therefore,
all the components should be interoperable, i.e., they must be able to connect,
exchange, and present data in a coordinated manner based on a common
reference model.
• Dynamic Changes – The state of devices, the contexts in which they operate,
the number of connected devices, and the data they transmit and receive are all
expected to change dynamically.
• Enormous Scale – The number of connected devices will be at least an order
of magnitude more than current connections. This means there will be a
commensurate increase in the amount of data generated by the devices, which
in turn must be transferred and analyzed to be leveraged.
• Security and Privacy – Security and privacy are an intrinsic part of IoT. These
issues are critical as personal data will be available online (e.g., in a healthcare
system, IoT devices could be charting and sharing heart rate, blood glucose
levels, sleep patterns, and personal well-being). This demands data sovereignty,
secure networks, secure endpoints, and a scalable data security plan to keep all
of this information safe.
The Internet of Things exists in an ecosystem, all the components and the
environment that supports IoT and its aims. In an IoT ecosystem, there are four
major components: things, data, people, and process. Let us examine each in turn
(see Fig. 1.1) [7]. Of course, all four components, things, data, people, and process,
must work in concert in order to achieve the promises of a more connected world.
Things
Data
Leveraging data into more
useful information for
decision making
Physical devices and
objects connected to the
Internet and each other for
intelligent decision making
People
Process
Connecting people in more
relevant, valuable way
Delivering the right
information to the right
person (or machine) at the
right time
Internet of
Things
Fig. 1.1 IoT: The networked connection of people, things, data, and process