Chapter 1
IoT Fundamentals: Definitions,
Architectures, Challenges, and Promises
Farshad Firouzi, Bahar Farahani, Markus Weinberger, Gabriel DePace,
and Fereidoon Shams Aliee
All compromise is based on give and take, but there can be no
give and take on fundamentals. Any compromise on mere
fundamentals is a surrender. For it is all give and no take.
Mahatma Gandhi
Contents
1.1 What Is IoT ................................................................................
4
1.1.1 Internet of Things Terms and Acronyms .......................................
8
1.1.2 Impact of IoT.....................................................................
9
1.1.3 Benefits of IoT ...................................................................
10
1.1.4 IoT Challenges ...................................................................
12
1.1.5 IoT and Big Data.................................................................
13
1.1.6 IoT and Cloud Computing.......................................................
16
1.1.7 IoT and Digitalization ...........................................................
17
1.1.8 IoT and Industry 4.0 .............................................................
17
1.2 Architectures and Reference Models of IoT: A Layard View ...........................
19
1.2.1 IoTWF Reference Model of IoT ................................................
19
1.2.2 Simplified Reference Model of IoT .............................................
20
1.3 IoT Frameworks and Platforms...........................................................
21
1.3.1 FIWARE..........................................................................
21
1.3.2 SmartThings......................................................................
21
1.3.3 AWS IoT .........................................................................
22
1.3.4 Microsoft Azure IoT .............................................................
22
F. Firouzi ()
Department of ECE, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
B. Farahani · F. S. Aliee
Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
M. Weinberger
Aalen University, Aalen, Germany
G. DePace
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
F. Firouzi et al. (eds.), Intelligent Internet of Things,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30367-9_1
3
IoT Fundamentals: Definitions,
Architectures, Challenges, and Promises
Farshad Firouzi, Bahar Farahani, Markus Weinberger, Gabriel DePace,
and Fereidoon Shams Aliee
All compromise is based on give and take, but there can be no
give and take on fundamentals. Any compromise on mere
fundamentals is a surrender. For it is all give and no take.
Mahatma Gandhi
Contents
1.1 What Is IoT ................................................................................
4
1.1.1 Internet of Things Terms and Acronyms .......................................
8
1.1.2 Impact of IoT.....................................................................
9
1.1.3 Benefits of IoT ...................................................................
10
1.1.4 IoT Challenges ...................................................................
12
1.1.5 IoT and Big Data.................................................................
13
1.1.6 IoT and Cloud Computing.......................................................
16
1.1.7 IoT and Digitalization ...........................................................
17
1.1.8 IoT and Industry 4.0 .............................................................
17
1.2 Architectures and Reference Models of IoT: A Layard View ...........................
19
1.2.1 IoTWF Reference Model of IoT ................................................
19
1.2.2 Simplified Reference Model of IoT .............................................
20
1.3 IoT Frameworks and Platforms...........................................................
21
1.3.1 FIWARE..........................................................................
21
1.3.2 SmartThings......................................................................
21
1.3.3 AWS IoT .........................................................................
22
1.3.4 Microsoft Azure IoT .............................................................
22
F. Firouzi ()
Department of ECE, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
B. Farahani · F. S. Aliee
Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
M. Weinberger
Aalen University, Aalen, Germany
G. DePace
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
F. Firouzi et al. (eds.), Intelligent Internet of Things,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30367-9_1
3